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imitation
Imitation (from Latin ''imitatio'', "a copying, imitation"〔(imitation ), Online etymology dictionary〕) is an advanced behavior whereby an individual observes and replicates another's behavior. ''Imitation'' is also a form of social learning that leads to the "development of traditions, and ultimately our culture. It allows for the transfer of information (behaviours, customs, etc.) between individuals and down generations without the need for genetic inheritance." The word ''imitation'' can be applied in many contexts, ranging from animal training to international politics.
==Anthropology and social sciences==
In anthropology, some theories hold that all cultures imitate ideas from one or a few original cultures, the Adam of the Bible, or several cultures whose influence overlaps geographically. Evolutionary diffusion theory holds that cultures influence one another, but that similar ideas can be developed in isolation.
Scholars〔George Herbert Mead, ''Mind, Self, and Society''; Kenneth Kaye, ''The Mental and Social Life of Babies'', U. Chicago Press 1982〕 as well as popular authors〔Susan Blackmore, ''The Meme Machine'', Oxford U. Press 2007〕〔Jared Diamond, ''The Third Chimpanzee'', HarperCollins 1992.〕 have argued that the role of imitation in humans is unique among animals. Psychologist Kenneth Kaye showed〔In M. Bullowa, ed. ''Before Speech: The beginning of interpersonal communication'', Cambridge U. Press 1979〕 that infants' ability to match the sounds or gestures of an adult depends on an interactive process of turn-taking over many successive trials, in which adults' instinctive behavior plays as great a role as that of the infant. These writers assume that evolution would have selected imitative abilities as fit because those who were good at it had a wider arsenal of learned behavior at their disposal, including tool-making and language.
In the mid-20th century, social scientists began to study how and why people imitate ideas. Everett Rogers pioneered innovation diffusion studies, identifying factors in adoption and profiles of adopters of ideas.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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