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indictment
An indictment ( ), in the common law system, is a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime. In jurisdictions that use the concept of felonies, the most serious criminal offence is a felony; jurisdictions that do not use the concept of felonies often use that of an indictable offence—an offence that requires an indictment.
Historically, in most common law jurisdictions, an indictment was handed up by a grand jury, which returned a "true bill" if it found cause to make the charge, or "no bill" if it did not find cause.
== India ==
The criminal law in India〔http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/police-cant-dodge-fir-if-cognisable-offence-is-disclosed/article5342930.ece〕 is derived from the colonial-era British system and is codified in the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC). In India criminal offenses are divided into two broad categories. Cognisable offenses and Non-cognisable offenses. The police are empowered to start investigating a cognisable offense. At that stage, the complaint is considered merely an accusation. However, in both cognisable and non-cognisable offenses, the trial starts only with the "Framing of Charges" which is similar to the concept of indictment. The trial court does not proceed with the trial if the evidence is insufficient to make out a charge.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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