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The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide. It is a ''network of networks'' that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing. The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks.〔("IPTO -- Information Processing Techniques Office" ), ''The Living Internet'', Bill Stewart (ed), January 2000.〕 The primary precursor network, the ARPANET, initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1980s. The funding of a new U.S. backbone by the National Science Foundation in the 1980s, as well as private funding for other commercial backbones, led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies, and the merger of many networks.〔("Internet History -- One Page Summary" ), ''The Living Internet'', Bill Stewart (ed), January 2000.〕 The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marks the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet,〔("So, who really did invent the Internet?" ), Ian Peter, The Internet History Project, 2004. Retrieved 27 June 2014.〕 and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to the network. Although the Internet has been widely used by academia since the 1980s, the commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life. Internet use grew rapidly in the West from the mid-1990s and from the late 1990s in the developing world. In the 20 years since 1995, Internet use has grown 100-times, measured for the period of one year, to over one third of the world population. Most traditional communications media, including telephony and television, are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as Internet telephony and Internet television. Newspaper, book, and other print publishing are adapting to website technology, or are reshaped into blogging and web feeds. The entertainment industry was initially the fastest growing segment on the Internet. The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Online shopping has grown exponentially both for major retailers and small artisans and traders. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries. The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own policies.〔("Who owns the Internet?" ), Jonathan Strickland, ''How Stuff Works''. Retrieved 27 June 2014.〕 Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System (DNS), are directed by a maintainer organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise.〔"The Tao of IETF: A Novice's Guide to Internet Engineering Task Force", P. Hoffman and S. Harris, RFC 4677, September 2006.〕 ==Terminology== The term ''Internet'', when used to refer to the specific global system of interconnected Internet Protocol (IP) networks, is a proper noun〔(Chicago Manual of Style, 16th Edition ): "capitalize World Wide Web and Internet"〕 and may be written with an initial capital letter. In common use and the media it is often not capitalized, viz. ''the internet.'' Some guides specify that the word should be capitalized when used as a noun, but not capitalized when used as an adjective.〔("7.76 Terms like 'web' and 'Internet'" ), ''Chicago Manual of Style'', University of Chicago, 16th edition 〕 The Internet is also often referred to as ''the Net'', as a short form of ''network''. Historically, as early as 1849, the word ''internetted'' was used uncapitalized as an adjective, meaning ''Interconnected'' or ''interwoven''.〔 nineteenth-century use as an adjective.〕 The designers of early computer networks used ''internet'' both as a noun and as a verb in shorthand form of internetwork or internetworking, meaning interconnecting computer networks. The terms ''Internet'' and ''World Wide Web'' are often used interchangeably in everyday speech; it is common to speak of "''going on the Internet''" when invoking a web browser to view web pages. However, the World Wide Web or ''the Web'' is only one of a large number of Internet services. The Web is a collection of interconnected documents (web pages) and other web resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. As another point of comparison, Hypertext Transfer Protocol, or HTTP, is the language used on the Web for information transfer, yet it is just one of many languages or protocols that can be used for communication on the Internet. The term ''Interweb'' is a portmanteau of ''Internet'' and ''World Wide Web'' typically used sarcastically to parody a technically unsavvy user. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「internet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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