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Isinglass ( or ) is a substance obtained from the dried swim bladders of fish. It is a form of collagen used mainly for the clarification or fining of beer. It can also be cooked into a paste for specialized gluing purposes. Its origin is from the obsolete Dutch ''huizenblaas'' - ''huizen'' is a kind of sturgeon, and ''blaas'' is a bladder. 〔(Chambers 20th century dictionary)〕 Isinglass was originally made exclusively from sturgeon, especially beluga, until the 1795 invention by William Murdoch of a cheap substitute using cod. This was extensively used in Britain in place of Russian isinglass. The bladders, once removed from the fish, processed, and dried, are formed into various shapes for use. == Foods and drinks == Before the inexpensive production of gelatin and other competing products, isinglass was used in confectionery and desserts such as fruit jelly and ''blancmange''. Isinglass finings are widely used as a processing aid in the British brewing industry to accelerate the fining, or clarification, of beer. They are used particularly in the production of cask-conditioned beers, although a few cask ales are available which are not fined using isinglass. The finings flocculate the live yeast in the beer into a jelly-like mass, which settles to the bottom of the cask. Left undisturbed, beer will clear naturally; the use of isinglass finings accelerates the process. Isinglass is sometimes used with an auxiliary fining, which further accelerates the process of sedimentation. Non-cask beers that are destined for kegs, cans, or bottles are often pasteurized and filtered. The yeast in these beers tends to settle to the bottom of the storage tank naturally, so the sediment from these beers can often be filtered without using isinglass. However, some breweries still use isinglass finings for non-cask beers, especially when attempting to repair bad batches. Although very little isinglass remains in the beer when it is drunk, many vegetarians〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Is your booze vegan? )〕 consider beers that are processed with these finings (such as most cask-conditioned ales in the UK) to be unsuitable for vegetarian diets (although acceptable for pescetarians). A beer-fining agent that is suitable for vegetarians is Irish moss, a type of red alga also known as carrageenan. However, carrageenan-based products (used in both the boiling process and after fermentation) primarily reduce hazes caused by proteins, but isinglass is used at the end of the brewing process, after fermentation, to remove yeast. Since the two fining agents act differently (on different haze-forming particles), they are not interchangeable, and some beers use both. Isinglass finings are also used in the production of kosher wines, although for reasons of kashrut, they are not derived from the beluga sturgeon, as this fish is not kosher.〔 Whether the use of a nonkosher isinglass renders a beverage nonkosher is a matter of debate in Jewish law. Rabbi Yehezkel Landau, in ''Noda B'Yehuda'', first edition, Jore Deah 26, for example, permits such beverages. This is the position followed by many kashrut-observant Jews today. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「isinglass」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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