|
Jamu (old spelling ''Djamu'') is traditional medicine in Indonesia. It is predominantly herbal medicine made from natural materials, such as parts of plants such as roots, bark, flowers, seeds, leaves and fruits. Materials acquired from animals, such as honey, royal jelly, milk and ''ayam kampung'' eggs are also often used. Jamu can be found throughout Indonesia, however it is most prevalent in Java, where ''Mbok Jamu'', the traditional ''kain kebaya''-wearing young to middle-aged Javanese woman carrying bamboo basket filled with bottles of jamu on her back, travelling villages and towns alleys, offering her fares of traditional herbal medicine. In many large cities jamu herbal medicine is sold on the street by hawkers carry a refreshing drink, usually bitter but sweetened with honey or palm sugar. The traditional method on carrying the jamu in basket is called ''Jamu Gendong'' (lit. carried jamu), however today some jamu seller might ride bicycle. There is also modest street-side ''warung'' tent stall that specializing on selling jamus. Herbal medicine is also produced in factories by large companies such as ''Air Mancur'', ''Nyonya Meneer'' or ''Djamu Djago'', and sold at various drug stores in sachet packaging. Packaged dried jamu should be dissolved in hot water first before drinking. Nowadays herbal medicine is also sold in the form of tablets, caplets and capsules. These jamu brands are united in an Indonesian Herbal and Traditional Medicine Association, locally known as ''Gabungan Pengusaha Jamu'' (GP Jamu).〔 Today, jamu is a growing local herbal medicine industry worth million of dollars. In 2014, Jamu contributes Rp 3 trillion (US$73.29 million) to overall sales. ==Traditional production centers== Despite jamu's popularity throughout Indonesia, it seems that jamu culture is most prevalent in Java. The jamu herbal culture is prevailing in Javanese royal courts of Yogyakarta and Surakarta; where the ancient books on herbal medicine is kept in royal library, and jamu medicine is prescribes to royalties and nobles in Javanese ''keratons''. According to Javanese tradition, the famed beauty of ''putri keraton'' (princess and palace ladies) are owed to jamu and ''lulur'' (traditional lotion). Sukoharjo in Central Java in particular is believed to be one of the center of jamu tradition. Many of the ''Mbok Jamu'' jamu sellers ladies are hailed from this town. The traditional jamu herbal traders in Sukoharjo has established the statue of jamu seller as Sukoharjo's identity in Bulakrejo. Commonly called "jamu herbal seller statue" it depicts a farmer and a ''jamu gendong'' herbalist carrying her wares. Sukoharjo regions, particularly sub-district Nguter, is known as the place of origin of ''Mbok Jamu gendong'' herbalist in many big cities, such as Jakarta, Bandung, Bogor, and Surabaya. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「jamu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|