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|image_flag = Flag of Japan.svg |alt_flag = Centered red circle on a white rectangle. |common_name = Japan |linking_name = Japan |image_coat = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg |alt_coat = Golden circle subdivided by golden wedges with rounded outer edges and thin black outlines. |symbol_type = Imperial Seal |other_symbol_type = Government Seal of Japan |other_symbol = }} |image_map = Japan (orthographic projection).svg |map_width = 220px |national_anthem = }}}} |official_languages = None |languages_type = National language |languages = Japanese |regional_languages = }} |demonym = Japanese |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = 2011 |capital = Tokyo |latd=35 |latm=41 |latNS=N |longd=139 |longm=46 |longEW=E |government_type = Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |largest_city = capital |leader_title1 = Emperor |leader_name1 = Akihito |leader_title2 = Prime Minister |leader_name2 = Shinzō Abe |leader_title3 = Deputy Prime Minister |leader_name3 = Tarō Asō |legislature = National Diet |upper_house = House of Councillors |lower_house = House of Representatives |area_footnote = |area_rank = 62nd |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_km2 = 377,944 |area_sq_mi = |percent_water = 0.8 |population_estimate = 126,919,659〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.S. and World Population Clock )〕 |population_estimate_year = 2015 |population_estimate_rank = 10th |population_census = 128,056,026〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Population Count based on the 2010 Census Released )〕 |population_census_year = 2010 |population_density_km2 = 337.1 |population_densitymi2 = 873.1 |population_density_rank = 36th |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP = $4.843 trillion〔 |GDP_PPP_rank = 4th |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $38,216〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 29th |GDP_nominal = $4.210 trillion〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = 3rd |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $33,223〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 25th |sovereignty_type = Formation |established_event1 = National Foundation Day |established_date1 = 11 February 660 BC〔According to legend, Japan was founded on this date by Emperor Jimmu, the country's first Emperor.〕 |established_event2 = Meiji Constitution |established_date2 = November 29, 1890 |established_event3 = |established_date3 = May 3, 1947 |established_event4 = |established_date4 = April 28, 1952 |Gini_year = 2008 |Gini_change = |Gini = 37.6 |Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html )〕 |Gini_rank = 76th |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = decrease |HDI = 0.890 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 17th |currency = Yen (¥) |currency_code = JPY |country_code = JPN |time_zone = JST |utc_offset = +9 |time_zone_DST = not observed |utc_offset_DST = +9 |date_format = }} |drives_on = left |calling_code = +81 |ISO_3166–1_alpha2 = JP |ISO_3166–1_alpha3 = JPN |ISO_3166–1_numeric = 392 |sport_code = JPN |vehicle_code = J |cctld = .jp }} Japan (; (日本語:日本) ''Nippon'' (:nip̚põ̞ɴ) or ''Nihon'' (:nihõ̞ɴ); formally ' or ''Nihon-koku'', "State of Japan") is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, the East China Sea, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The kanji that make up Japan's name mean "sun origin", and Japan is often called the "Land of the Rising Sun". Japan is a stratovolcanic archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku, which make up about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan's population of 126 million is the world's tenth largest. Approximately 9.1 million people live in Tokyo,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/INET/CHOUSA/2014/02/60o2r100.htm )〕 the capital city of Japan, which is the second largest city proper in the OECD. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the world's largest metropolitan area with over 35 million residents and the world's largest urban agglomeration economy. Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other regions, mainly Imperial China, followed by periods of isolation, later from Western European influence, has characterized Japan's history. From the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shoguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a long period of isolation in the early 17th century, which was only ended in 1853 when a United States fleet pressured Japan to open to the West. Nearly two decades of internal conflict and insurrection followed before the Meiji Emperor was restored as head of state in 1868 and the Empire of Japan was proclaimed, with the Emperor as a divine symbol of the nation. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victories in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an Emperor and an elected legislature called the National Diet. Japan is a member of the UN, the G7, the G8, and the G20. Japan is a great power.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Seven Great Powers )〕〔 ''Accordingly, the great powers after the Cold War are Britain, China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, and the United States'' p.59〕 The country has the world's third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the world's fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It is also the world's fifth-largest exporter and fifth-largest importer. Although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it maintains a modern military with the world's eighth largest military budget,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SIPRI Yearbook 2012–15 countries with the highest military expenditure in 2011 )〕 used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles. Japan is a developed country with a high standard of living and Human Development Index whose population enjoys the highest life expectancy and the third lowest infant mortality rate of any country. , Japan is ranked first in the Country Brand Index〔(FutureBrand | News | FutureBrand launches the Country Brand Index 2014–15 )〕 and is the highest-ranked Asian country in the Global Peace Index.〔Institute for Economics and Peace (2015). ''(Global Peace Index 2015. )'' Retrieved 5 October 2015〕 ==Etymology== (詳細はMandarin Chinese or Wu Chinese pronunciation of the Japanese name, , which in Japanese is pronounced ''Nippon'' or ''Nihon'' . Japanese people refer to themselves as and to their language as . From the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II, the full title of Japan was , meaning "the Empire of Great Japan". Today the name is used as a formal modern-day equivalent; countries like Japan whose long form does not contain a descriptive designation are generally given a name appended by the character , meaning "country", "nation" or "state". The character means "sun" or "day"; means "base" or "origin". The compound means "origin of the sun" or "sunrise" (from a Chinese point of view, the sun rises from Japan); it is a source for the popular Western description of Japan as the "Land of the Rising Sun". Before ''Nihon'' came into official use, Japan was known as or . The English word for Japan came to the West via early trade routes. The Old Mandarin or possibly early Wu Chinese (吳語) pronunciation of Japan was recorded by Marco Polo as ''Cipangu''. In modern Shanghainese, a Wu dialect, the pronunciation of characters 'Japan' is ''Zeppen'' . The old Malay word for Japan, ''Jepang'', was borrowed from a southern coastal Chinese dialect, probably Fukienese or Ningpo, and this Malay word was encountered by Portuguese traders in Malacca in the 16th century. Portuguese traders were the first to bring the word to Europe.〔C. R. Boxer, The Christian Century In Japan 1549–1650, University of California Press, 1951p. 11, 28—36, 49—51, ISBN 1-85754-035-2〕 An early record of the word in English is in a 1565 letter, spelled ''Giapan''. ==History== (詳細はウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「japan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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