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''Jatropha'' is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. The name is derived from the Greek words ἰατρός (''iatros''), meaning "physician," and τροφή (''trophe''), meaning "nutrition," hence the common name physic nut. Another common name is nettlespurge. It contains approximately 170 species of succulent plants, shrubs and trees (some are deciduous, like ''Jatropha curcas''). Most of these are native to the Americas, with 66 species found in the Old World. Plants produce separate male and female flowers. As with many members of the family Euphorbiaceae, ''Jatropha'' contains compounds that are highly toxic. In 2007, Goldman Sachs cited ''Jatropha curcas'' as one of the best candidates for future biodiesel production.〔(Jatropha Plant Gains Steam In Global Race for Biofuels )〕 It is resistant to drought and pests, and produces seeds containing 27-40% oil,〔Achten WMJ, Mathijs E, Verchot L, Singh VP, Aerts R, Muys B 2007. Jatropha biodiesel fueling sustainability?. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 1(4), 283-291.( ) ( The Jatropha Archives )〕 averaging 34.4%.〔Achten WMJ, Verchot L, Franken YJ, Mathijs E, Singh VP, Aerts R, Muys B 2008. Jatropha bio-diesel production and use. (a literature review) Biomass and Bioenergy 32(12), 1063-1084.( ) ( The Jatropha Archives )〕 The remaining press cake of jatropha seeds after oil extraction could also be considered for energy production.〔Jongschaap REE, Blesgraaf RAR, Boogaard TA, Van Loo EN, Savenije HHG. The water footprint of bioenergy from Jatropha curcas L. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 106(35)E92. 〕 However, despite their abundance and use as oil and reclamation plants, none of the ''Jatropha'' species have been properly domesticated and, as a result, their productivity is variable, and the long-term impact of their large-scale use on soil quality and the environment is unknown.〔World Agroforestry Centre (2007) (When oil grows on trees ) World Agroforestry Centre press release. 26 April 2009.〕 Igbinosa and colleagues (2009) demonstrated potential broad spectrum antimicrobial activity of ''J. curcas''.〔Igbinosa OO, Igbinosa EO and Aiyegoro OA (2009) Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of stem bark extracts from ''Jatropha curcas'' (Linn). ''African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology'' Vol. 3(2). pp. 058-062〕 ==Uses== The stems of haat (''Jatropha cuneata'') are used for basketmaking by the Seri people in Sonora, Mexico. The stems are roasted, split and soaked through an elaborate process. The reddish dye that is often used is made from the root of another plant species, ''Krameria grayi''. Spicy jatropha (''J. integerrima'') is cultivated as an ornamental in the tropics for its continuously blooming crimson flowers. Buddha belly plant (''J. podagrica'') was used to tan leather and produce a red dye in Mexico and the southwestern United States. It is also used as a house plant. The oil from Jatropha curcas is mainly converted into biodiesel for use in diesel engines. The cake can be used for fish or animal feed (if detoxified), biomass feedstock to power electricity plants, or as biogas or high-quality organic fertilizer. It can also be used as a bio-pesticide and for medicinal purposes. Furthermore, it has been found that Jatropha curcas can be planted in arid and hot regions such as the desert areas of Egypt, India, and Madagascar, and contribute a reduction of up to 25 t of CO2 per hectare per year from the atmosphere (over a 20 yr period),〔(K. Becker, V. Wulfmeyer, T. Berger, J. Gebel, and W. Münch: "K. Becker1, V. Wulfmeyer2, T. Berger3, J. Gebel4, and W. Münch", Earth system dynamics, 4, 237-251, 2013. )〕 while still producing bio fuel and also the dry cakes from the oil extraction. Currently, research plantations are being planted to test the results and see the viability of this. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「jatropha」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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