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jenmi
Jenmi is the term used to refer to the landlords of the Nair, Namboothiris and Mannadiyar, castes from Kerala. In the past the majority, if not all the land was owned by these Jenmimar (landlords), and it was not unusual for an aristocratic family to own up to of land. Today, however, there are restrictions placed on the amount of land one can own in Kerala.〔Agrarian change and economic consequences: land tenures in Kerala, 1850-1960 By T. C. Varghese〕〔India: social structure By Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas p.15〕
The largest landlords of Malabar included the ''Vengayil Nayanar'' family ( V K Krishna Menon's family) which owned including forest lands, which was more than the ''Chirakkal Raja'' who owned about .〔("Organised Struggles of Malabar Peasantry 1934-1940" )〕 Other major Jenmis included the ''Kurumathoor Namburidipad'' (5,615 acres),''mavila nambiars'' (20,000 acres) besides seven forts, ''Kalliat Nambiar'' (36,779 acres).,〔 and Kavalappara Mooppil Nair owned 47 Villages.
== Kayyur Incident ==
Kayyur is a small village in the Hosdurg taluk. In 1940, peasants there under the leadership of communists rose against the two local jenmis, ''Nambiar of Kalliat'' and the ''Nayanar of Karakkatt Edam''. Several people were killed and four communist leaders were found guilty and hanged by the government,(Madathil Appu, Podavara Kunhambu Nair, Koithattil Chirukandan and Pallickal Abu Bakr)being the guilty. A fifth instigator (Choorikadan Krishnan Nair) was sentenced to life imprisonment and spared from the death penalty, since he was under the age of criminal liability.〔(Post-independence India - Google Books )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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