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Jingxiang (敬香), ''Shangxiang'' (上香), ''Baishen'' (拜神) is a ritual of offering joss incense accompanied by tea and or fruits. It is observed by a devotee holding joss incense with both hands in front of an altar while praying or meditating. For added respect the devotee or descendent is expected to kneel during and after placing the incense in the urn or at the altar. Jiangxiang is practiced by adherents belonging to one of the schools of Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism, as well as those making a general prayer to one of the Chinese deities, sending well wishes to a deceased ancestor as part of daily prayers in Chinese ancestor veneration, or celebrating the Qingming Festival, Ghost festival and Chongyang Festival . ==Number and meanings of incense== The number of joss stick varies. When a devotee uses five, the sticks each represent respect for ''Tian Di Jun Qin Shi'' (天地君親師), where ''tian'' and ''di'' denote the realms of heaven and earth; ''jun'' the ruler—which could be Guan Shengdi, the prime minister, or another leader; ''qin'' the kins and relatives; and ''shi'' one's teacher or teachers. When offered with three joss sticks, each stand for ''Tian Di Ren'' (天地人), again ''tian'' and ''di'' for the two realms, and ''ren'' for all humanity as well as those who are deceased. Lastly it can also be practiced with one joss stick, denoting all creation, including both heaven and earth. Rarer still would one use nine josses which come to denote all of creation and all of heavens. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「jingxiang」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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