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jinn
Jinn ((アラビア語:الجن), '), also romanized as djinn or anglicized as genies, are supernatural creatures in early Arabian and later Islamic mythology and theology. An individual member of the jinn is known as a jinni, djinni, or genie (, '). They are mentioned frequently in the Quran (the 72nd sura is titled ''Sūrat al-Jinn'') and other Islamic texts and inhabit an unseen world, another universe beyond the known universe. The Quran says that the ''jinn'' are made of a smokeless and "scorching fire",〔Qur’ān 15:27〕 but are also physical in nature, being able to interact in a tactile manner with people and objects and likewise be acted upon. The ''jinn'', humans, and angels make up the three known sapient creations of God. Like human beings, the ''jinn'' can be good, evil, or neutrally benevolent and hence have free will like humans and unlike angels.〔El-Zein, Amira. ("Jinn" ), 420–421, in Meri, Joseph W., ''Medieval Islamic Civilization – An Encyclopedia''.〕 The shaytan ''jinn'' are akin to demons in Christian tradition, but the ''jinn'' are not angels and the Quran draws a clear distinction between the two creations. The Quran states in ''Sūrat al-Kahf (The Cave)'', Ayah 50,〔(Surat Al-Kahf (18:50) – The Holy Qur'an – القرآن الكريم )〕 that Iblis (Azazel) is one of the ''jinn''.
==Etymology==
''Jinn'' is an Arabic collective noun deriving from the Semitic root ((アラビア語:جَنّ / جُنّ), ''jann''), whose primary meaning is "to hide". Some authors interpret the word to mean, literally, "beings that are concealed from the senses".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=An Arabic-English Lexicon ). p. 462.〕 Cognates include the Arabic ' ("possessed", or generally "insane"), ' ("garden"), and ' ("embryo"). ''Jinn'' is properly treated as a plural, with the singular being ''jinni''.
The anglicized form ''genie'' is a borrowing of the French ''フランス語:génie'', from the Latin ''genius'', a guardian spirit of people and places in Roman religion. It first appeared〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', 3rd ed. "genie, ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2014.〕 in 18th-century translations of the ''Thousand and One Nights'' from the French,〔.〕 where it had been used owing to its rough similarity in sound and sense.
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