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joulupukki
Joulupukki is a Finnish Christmas figure. The name "''Joulupukki''" literally means "Christmas goat" or "Yule Goat" in Finnish; the word ''pukki'' comes from the Teutonic root ''bock'', which is a cognate of the English "buck", "Puck", and means "billy-goat". An old Scandinavian custom, the figure eventually became more or less conflated with Santa Claus.
==Origins and description==
The Joulupukki or "Yule Buck" is originally a pagan tradition. He is connected to Wōden of norse mythology and said to wear red leather pants and a fur trimmed red leather coat. On the Winter Solstice, going by the names of Jólnir (yule figure) and Langbarðr (long-beard), Wōden led the Wild Hunt accompanied by Thor driving his flying wagon drawn by goat bucks. The Joulupukki may also be a man turned into a goat-man on Christmas Eve, as seen in Elsa Beskow's ''Peter and Lotta's Christmas''. There persists today in some parts of Finland the custom of persons dressing in goat costume to perform in return for leftover food after Christmas. Historically, such a person was an older man, and the tradition refers to him as a ''nuuttipukki''.
Today, Joulupukki looks and behaves mostly like his American cousin, but there are differences. Joulupukki's house and workshop are situated in the mountains of Korvatunturi, whereas his American counterpart resides somewhere near the North Pole. Another difference is that instead of sneaking in through the chimney during the late hours, Joulupukki knocks on the front door during Christmas Eve celebrations. Upon entering, he traditionally greets the household with "''Onko täällä kilttejä lapsia?''" ("Are there () well-behaved children here?").
He usually wears warm red robes (but with a broad band of blue near the fur), uses a walking stick, and travels in a sleigh pulled by a number of reindeer, which cannot fly like Santa Claus's fleet. In Lapland, his mount is a ''pulkka'' rather than a sleigh. The popular holiday song "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer", in its Finnish translation, ''Petteri Punakuono'', has led to Rudolph's general acceptance in Finland as Joulupukki's lead reindeer. Joulupukki is often mentioned as having a wife, Joulumuori ("''Old Lady Christmas''"), but tradition says little of her.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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