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jund
Under the early Caliphates, ''jund'' ((アラビア語:جند); plural ''ajnad'', اجناد) was a term for a military division, which became applied to Arab military colonies in the conquered lands and, most notably, to the provinces into which Greater Syria (the Levant) was divided. The term later acquired various meanings throughout the Muslim world.
== Origin and evolution of the term==
The term ''jund'' is of Iranian origin, and appears in the ''Quran'' to designate an armed troop. Under the Umayyad Caliphate it came to be applied in a more technical sense to "military settlements and districts in which were quartered Arab soldiers who could be mobilized for seasonal campaigns or for more protracted expeditions" as well as the "corresponding army corps" (D. Sourdel).
Gradually, however, and aside from its technical use for the provinces of Syria (see below), the term acquired a broader meaning of the entire armed forces of a state. Thus one of the caliphal fiscal departments, the ''diwan al-jund'', administered the pay and provisions of the army. In addition, the geographers of the 9th–10th centuries used the term ''ajnad'' as an equivalent of ' or large towns.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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