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The junzi (Chinese: , p ''jūnzǐ'', lit. "lord's son") is a Chinese philosophical term often translated as "gentleman" or "superior person"〔Sometimes "exemplary person". Paul R. Goldin translates it "noble man" in an attempt to capture both its early political and later moral meaning. Cf. "(Confucian Key Terms: Junzi )".〕 and employed by both the Duke of Wen in the ''I-ching'' and Confucius in his works to describe the ideal man. == Confucianism == In Confucianism, the ideal personality is the ''sheng'', translated as sage. However, sagehood is hard to attain and so Confucius created the ''junzi'', gentleman, which more individuals could achieve. Zhu Xi defined ''junzi'' as second only to the sage. 'Junzi'' has many characteristics. ''Junzi'' can live with poverty; ''Junzi'' does more and speaks less. A ''junzi'' is loyal, obedient and knowledgeable. ''Junzi'' disciplines himself. Among these, ''Ren'' is the core of becoming ''junzi''.〔(君子——儒学的理想人格 (Gentleman - Ideal Personality of Confucianism) )〕 As the potential leader of a nation, the son of the ruler is raised to express superior ethical and moral positions while gaining inner peace through virtue. To Confucius, the ''junzi'' sustained the functions of government and social stratification through his ethical values. Despite its literal meaning, any righteous man willing to improve himself can become a ''junzi''. By contrast the ''xiaoren'' (, ''xiăorén'', "small or petty person") does not grasp the value of virtues and seeks only immediate gain. The petty person is egotistic and does not consider the consequences of his actions. Should the ruler be surrounded by ''xiaoren'' as opposed to ''junzi'', his governance and his people will suffer due to their small-mindness. Examples of such ''xiaoren'' individuals can range from those who continually indulge in sensual and emotional pleasures to the career politician who is interested merely in power and fame; neither sincerely aims for the long-term benefit of others. The ''junzi'' rules by acting virtuously himself. It is thought that his pure virtue would lead others to follow his example. The ultimate goal is that government behaves much like family. Thus at all levels filial piety promotes harmony and the ''junzi'' acts as a beacon for this piety. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「junzi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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