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Kappa (uppercase Κ, lowercase κ or cursive (unicode:ϰ); (ギリシア語:κάππα), ''káppa'') is the 10th letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, has a value of 20. It was derived from the Phoenician letter kaph . Letters that arose from kappa include the Roman K and Cyrillic К. Greek proper names and placenames containing kappa are often written in English with "c" due to the Romans' transliterations into the Latin alphabet: Constantinople, Corinth, Crete. All formal modern romanizations of Greek now use the letter "k", however: Thessaloniki, Kalamata, Nikaia. The cursive form is generally a simple font variant of lower-case kappa, but it is encoded separately in Unicode for occasions where it is used as a separate symbol in math and science. In mathematics, the kappa curve is named after this letter; the tangents of this curve were first calculated by Barrow (17th century). ==Symbol== * In graph theory, the connectivity of a graph is given by κ. * In differential geometry, the curvature of a curve is given by κ. * In physics, the torsional constant of an oscillator is given by κ as well as Einstein's constant of gravitation. * In fluid dynamics, the von Kármán constant is represented by κ. * In structural engineering, κ is the ratio of the smaller factored moment to the larger factored moment and is used to calculate the critical elastic moment of an unbraced steel member. * In electrical engineering, κ is the multiplication factor, a function of the ''R/X'' ratio of the equivalent power system network, which is used in calculating the peak short-circuit current of a system fault. κ is also used to notate conductivity, the reciprocal of resistivity, rho. * In Thermodynamics, the compressibility of a compound is given by κ. * In psychology and psychiatry, kappa represents a measure of diagnostic reliability. * In biology, kappa and kappa prime are important nucleotide motifs for a tertiary interaction of group II introns. * In biology, kappa designates a subtype of an antibody component. * In pharmacology, kappa represents a type of opioid receptor. * Kappa statistics such as Cohen's kappa and Fleiss' kappa are methods for calculating inter-rater reliability. Upper-case letter Κ is used as a symbol for: * In textual criticism, the Byzantine text-type (from Κοινη, ''Koine'', the common text). * In set theory, kappa is often used to denote an ordinal that is also a cardinal. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「kappa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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