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kathoey
Kathoey or katoey ((タイ語:กะเทย); (:kàtʰɤːj)) is a Thai term that refers to either a transgender woman or an effeminate gay male in Thailand. A significant number of Thais perceive kathoeys as belonging to a third gender, including many kathoeys themselves, while others see them as either a kind of man or a kind of woman.〔Winter, Sam (2003). Research and discussion paper: ''Language and identity in transgender: gender wars and the case of the Thai kathoey.'' Paper presented at the Hawaii conference on Social Sciences, Waikiki, June 2003. (Article online ).〕 Related phrases include ''phet thi sam'' ((タイ語:เพศที่สาม), "third gender"), and ''sao praphet song'' or ''phu ying praphet song'' ((タイ語:สาวประเภทสอง, ผู้หญิงประเภทสอง)— both meaning "second-type female"). The word kathoey is of Khmer origin. It is most often rendered as ladyboy or lady boy in English conversation with Thais and this latter expression has become popular across Southeast Asia.
== General description ==
Although ''kathoey'' is often translated as "transgender" in the English usage, this term is not used frequently in Thailand. As well as trans individuals, the term can refer to gay men, and was originally used to refer to intersex individuals. Because of this confusion in translation, the English translation of ''kathoey'' is usually "ladyboy" (or variants of the term).
Use of the term "kathoey" suggests that the person self-identifies as a type of male, in contrast to ''sao praphet song'' (which, like "trans woman", suggests a "female" (''sao'') gender identity), and in contrast to ''phet thi sam'' (which means "third gender"). The term ''phu ying praphet song'', which can be translated as "second-type female", is also used to refer to kathoey. Australian scholar of sexual politics in Thailand Peter Jackson claims that the term "kathoey" was used in pre-modern times to refer to intersex people, and that the usage changed in the middle of the twentieth century to cover cross-dressing males.〔Jackson, Peter (2003). (Performative Genders, Perverse Desires: A Bio-History of Thailand's Same-Sex and Transgender Cultures ). in "Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context," Issue 9, August 2003. See paragraph "The Homosexualisation of Cross-Dressing."〕 The term can refer to males who exhibit varying degrees of femininity. Many kathoeys dress as women and undergo "feminising" medical procedures such as breast implants, hormones, silicone injections, or Adam's apple reductions. Others may wear makeup and use feminine pronouns, but dress as men, and are closer to the Western category of effeminate gay man than transgender.
The term "kathoey" may be considered pejorative, especially in the form "kathoey-saloey". It has a meaning similar to the English language "fairy" or "queen".〔(CPAmedia.com: Thailand's Women of the Second Kind )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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