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kaula
Kaula or Kula describes a type of Hindu tantrism reckoned by Gavin Flood〔, p. 166〕 to derive from Kapalika or "shmashāna asceticism", and to divide into northern, eastern, southern and western schools across the subcontinent. The Kaula tradition is sometimes more simply divided into two main branches, ''Purva Kaula'' and ''Uttara Kaula''.〔(Commentary on Saudarya Lahiri, Verse 32, 2008-01-17 )〕 The Kaula lineage is closely linked to the Siddha and Nātha traditions.〔, p. 55〕
==Kaula as South Indian Tantric tradition==
The translation of the term ''Kula'' in English is considered difficult and has raised some problems for researchers.〔, p. 59〕 The basic meaning is "family", "group" or "self-contained unit".〔, p. 100〕 This is explained by Flood as referring to the retinues of minor goddesses depicted in the schools' literature.
Philosophically the term is said to represent a unifying connectedness, beneath the various objects, processes and living entities of this world, which may be identified with these goddesses as aspects of the supreme deity, in some regions the god Shiva, elsewhere a goddess.〔, p. 102〕 Another meaning sometimes given to the term ''kaula'' is that of a "group of people" engaged together in the practice of spiritual discipline.
Kaula practices are based on tantra, closely related to the siddha tradition and shaktism. Kaula sects are noted for their extreme exponents who recommend the flouting of taboos and social mores as a means of liberation. Such practices were often later toned down to appeal to ordinary householders, as in Kaśmiri Śaivism.〔, p. 166〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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