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The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; (カザフ語:Қазақ) , Қазақтар ; the English name is transliterated from Russian) are a Turkic people who mainly inhabit the northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also found in parts of Uzbekistan, China, Russia and Mongolia). Kazakh identity is of medieval origin and was strongly shaped by the foundation of the Kazakh Khanate between 1456 and 1465, when several tribes under the rule of the sultans Janybek and Kerey departed from the Khanate of Abu'l-Khayr Khan. Most modern Kazakhs are either irreligious or nondenominational Muslims.〔http://www.wingia.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf〕 The Kazakhs are descendants of the Turkic and medieval Mongol tribes – Argyns, Dughlats, Naimans, Jalairs, Khazars, Qarluqs; and of the Kipchaks and Cumans,〔(Z. V. Togan: The Origins of the Kazaks and the Uzbeks ), Central Asian Survey Vol. 11, No. 3. 1992〕 and other tribes such as the Huns, and ancient Iranian nomads like the Sarmatians, Saka and Scythians from East Europe populated the territory between Siberia and the Black Sea and remained in Central Asia and Eastern Europe when the nomadic groups started to invade and conquer the area between the 5th and 13th centuries AD.〔().〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kazakh Genetics - DNA of Turkic people from Kazakhstan and surrounding regions )〕〔()〕 Kazakhs were one of the nations most severely affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–33, with 37% of the total population dying.〔http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41036834?uid=3738984&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21104012154341〕 ==Etymology of ''Kazakh''== The Kazakhs probably began using this name during either the 15th or 16th centuries.〔Barthol'd, Vasiliĭ Vladimirovich. ''Four Studies on the History of Central Asia'', vol. 3, trans. V. and T. Minorsky. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1962, p. 129〕 There are many theories on the origin of the word Kazakh or Qazaq. Some speculate that it comes from the Turkish verb ''qaz'' (to wander), because the Kazakhs were wandering steppemen; or that it derives from the prototurkic word ''khasaq'' (a wheeled cart used by the Kazakhs to transport their yurts and belongings).〔(Olcott, Martha Brill, ''The Kazakhs'' ), Hoover Press, 1995, p. 4, ISBN 978-0-8179-9351-1. Retrieved on 7 April 2009 〕 Another theory on the origin of the word Kazakh (originally ''Qazaq'') is that it comes from the ancient Turkic word ''qazğaq'', first mentioned on the 8th century Turkic monument of (Uyuk-Turan ). According to the notable Turkic linguist Vasily Radlov and the orientalist Veniamin Yudin, the noun ''qazğaq'' derives from the same root as the verb ''qazğan'' ("to obtain", "to gain"). Therefore, ''qazğaq'' defines a type of person who seeks profit and gain.〔Yudin, Veniamin P. ''Tsentralnaya Aziya v 14–18 vekah glazami vostokoveda'', Almaty: Dajk-Press, 2001, ISBN 978-9965-441-39-4〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「kazakhs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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