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The ''keffiyeh'' or ''kufiya'' ((アラビア語:كوفية) ', meaning "from the city of Kufa" (); plural '), also known as a ''ghutrah'' (), ''shemagh'' ( '), ' (), ''mashadah'' (), ''sudra'' ((ヘブライ語:סודרא)), ''chafiye'' ((ペルシア語:چَفیِه)) or ''cemedanî'' ((クルド語:جه مه داني)), is a traditional Middle Eastern headdress fashioned from a square scarf, usually made of cotton. It is typically worn by Arabs, Kurds and some Jews. It is commonly found in arid regions as it provides protection from sunburn, dust and sand. Its distinctive standard woven checkered pattern may have originated in an ancient Mesopotamian representation of either fishing nets or ears of grain, but the true origin of the pattern remains unknown. The ''keffiyeh'' has been worn by Arabs residing in regions in Arabia, Jordan and Iraq for over a century. During the 1960s, usage of the black and white Palestinian keffiyeh grew as Palestinian nationalism increased and the Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat adopted it as a symbol. Toward the end of the 1980s, the ''keffiyeh'' became a fashion accessory in the United States and, during the 2000s, it became very popular among adolescents in Tokyo, where it was often worn with camouflage-style clothing.〔 == Varieties and variations == During his sojourn with the Marsh Arabs of Iraq, Gavin Young noted that the local ''sayyids''"venerated men accepted ... as descendants of the Prophet Mohammed and Ali ibn Abi Talib"wore dark green ''keffiyeh'' (''cheffiyeh'') in contrast to the black-and-white checkered examples typical of the area's inhabitants. Many Palestinian ''keffiyehs'' are a mix of cotton and wool, which facilitates quick drying and, when desired, keeping the wearer's head warm. The ''keffiyeh'' is usually folded in half (into a triangle) and the fold worn across the forehead. Often, the ''keffiyeh'' is held in place by a circlet of rope called an ''agal'' (, '). Some wearers wrap the ''keffiyeh'' into a turban, while others wear it loosely draped around the back and shoulders. A ''taqiyah'' is sometimes worn underneath the keffiyeh; in the past, it has also been wrapped around the rim of a fez. The ''keffiyeh'' is almost always of white cotton cloth, but many have a checkered pattern in red or black stitched into them. The plain white ''keffiyeh'' is most popular in the Arab states of the Persian Gulfin Kuwait and Bahrain, to the exclusion of almost any other style. The ''keffiyeh'' is worn by men of all ages, whether on the head or around the shoulders. In Jordan, the red-and-white ''keffiyeh'' is strongly associated with the country and its heritage, where it is known as the ''shemagh mhadab''. The Jordanian ''keffiyeh'' has decorative cotton or wool tassels on the sides; the bigger these tassels, the greater the garment's supposed value and the status of the person wearing it. It has long been worn by Bedouins and villagers and used as a symbol of honor and/or tribal identification. The tasseled red-and-white Jordanian ''shemagh'' is much thicker than the untasseled red-and-white ''shemagh'' seen in Persian Gulf countries. In Yemen, the ''keffiyeh'' is used extensively in both red-white and black-white pattern and in some traditional Yemeni designs and colours. Before the 1950s, multi-colored tribal ''shemagh'' were used widely; nowadays, these are mostly worn only in Yemen and Oman, while the black/white, red/white or pure-white styles have come to dominate in the countries of the Persian Gulf and Levant. The ''shemagh'' is part of an ancient Middle Eastern headgear tradition. While in Indonesia, the ''keffiyeh'' has been worn by Muslim women as one of hijab fashion and during Palestinian struggle against Israel that has caught the attention of international media, many Indonesian wore it to show solidarity action for Palestine. The ''keffiyeh'', especially the all-white ''keffiyeh'', is also known as the ''ghutrah''. This is particularly common in the Arabian Peninsula, where the (optional) skullcap is called a ''keffiyeh''. The garment is also known in some areas as the '. Roughly speaking: ; Ordinary ''keffiyeh'' : A piece of white/orange/black cloth made from wool and cotton, worn primarily by Palestinians. ; ''Shemagh'' : A piece of cloth, usually made of cotton or flax and decorated with many colors, but usually red and white; worn primarily by Saudi Arabians and Jordanians. ; ''Ghutrah'' : A piece of white cloth made of cotton mild, worn in western Iraq and by the Arabs of the Persian Gulf states. ; ''Rezza'' : It is worn by inhabitants of North Africa and Egypt. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「keffiyeh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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