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ketorolac
Ketorolac or ketorolac tromethamine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the family of heterocyclic acetic acid derivatives, used as an analgesic. Ketorolac was developed in 1989 by Syntex Corp. (now Roche Bioscience, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Roche holding Ltd., the parent company of Roche). It was approved by FDA on 30 November 1989 and introduced as ''Toradol'' by Syntex. The ophthalmic (i.e., eye-drop) form was approved by FDA on 9 November 1992 and was introduced as ''Acular'' eye drops by Allergan under license from Syntex. An intranasal formulation of ketorolac tromethamine was approved by FDA on 14 May 2010 and introduced as ''Sprix Nasal Spray'' by Daiichi Sankyo for short-term management of moderate to moderately severe pain requiring analgesia at the opioid level.
Ketorolac acts by inhibiting the bodily synthesis of prostaglandins. Ketorolac in its oral (tablet or capsule) and intramuscular (injected) preparations is a racemic mixture of both (''S'')-(−)-ketorolac, the active isomer, and (''R'')-(+)-ketorolac. An ophthalmic solution of ketorolac is available and is used to treat eye pain and to relieve the itchiness and burning of seasonal allergies.
==Medical uses==
Ketorolac is indicated for short-term management of moderate to severe pain.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/ketorolac-tromethamine.html )〕 Concerns about the high incidence of reported side effects led to restriction in its dosage and maximum duration of use. In the UK, treatment should be initiated only in a hospital. Maximum duration of treatment should not exceed five days for tablets (per package insert), or two days for continuous daily dosing with intravenous or intramuscular formulations.〔MHRA Drug Safety Update October 2007, Volume 1, Issue 3, pp 3-4.〕 The ophthalmic formulation can be used instead of steroidal anti inflammatories in cases where a raised intraocular pressure (glaucoma) is to be avoided.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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