|
''Ketupat'' (in Indonesian and Malay), ''Kupat'' (in Javanese and Sundanese) or ''Tipat'' (in Balinese) is a type of dumpling made from rice packed inside a diamond-shaped container of woven palm leaf pouch. It is commonly found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, and the Philippines (where it is known by the name ''pusô'' in Cebuano, ''bugnóy'' in Hiligaynon, ''patupat'' in Kapampangan and Pangasinan, or ''ta’mu'' in Tausug). It is commonly described as "packed rice", although there are other types of similar packed rices such as ''lontong'' and ''bakchang''. ''Ketupat'' is cut open, its skin (woven palm leaf) being removed, the inner rice cake is cut in pieces, and served as staple food, as the replacement of plain steamed rice. It usually eaten with ''rendang'', ''opor ayam'', ''sayur labu'' (chayote soup), ''sambal goreng ati'' (liver in sambal) or served as an accompaniment to satay (chicken or beef or lamb in skewers) or ''gado-gado'' (mixed vegetables with peanut sauce). Ketupat is also the main element of certain dishes such as ''ketupat sayur'' (ketupat in chayote soup with tofu and boiled egg) and ''kupat tahu'' (ketupat and tofu in peanut sauce). ==History== The use of woven young palm leaves (''janur'') fronds as a pouch to cook food is widespread in Maritime Southeast Asia, from Indonesia, Malaysia, to the Philippines. Ketupat is made from rice that has been wrapped in a woven palm leaf pouch and boiled. As the rice cooks, the grains expand to fill the pouch and the rice becomes compressed. This method of cooking gives the ''ketupat'' its characteristic form and texture of a rice dumpling. Local stories passed down through the generations have attributed the creation of this style of rice preparation to the seafarers' need to keep cooked rice from spoiling during long sea voyages. The coco leaves used in wrapping the rice are always shaped into a triangular or diamond form and stored hanging in bunches in the open air. The shape of the package facilitates moisture to drip away from the cooked rice while the coco leaves allow the rice to be aerated and at the same time prevent flies and insects from touching it. In Java and most of Indonesia, ketupat is linked to Islamic tradition of ''lebaran'' (Eid ul-Fitr).〔 The earliest connection of ketupat with Islamic ''lebaran'' tradition is believed to be originated in 15th-century Sultanate of Demak. Nevertheless, ketupat is also known in non-Muslim communities, such as Hindu Balinese〔 and people of the Philippines, which suggested that the weaving of coconut fronds has pre-Islamic origin. It was linked to the local Hindu ritual on venerating Dewi Sri, the Javanese goddess of rice.〔 The Balinese Hindus still weaved the ''Cili'' fronds effigy of Dewi Sri as an offering, as well as weaving ''tipat'' fronds during ''Kuningan'' Balinese Hindu holy day.〔 According to Javanese traditions, the Indonesian ''lebaran'' tradition was first started when Sunan Bonang, one of Wali Songo of Tuban in 15th-century Java, calls for the Muslims to elevate the perfection of their Ramadhan fast by asking forgiveness and forgiving others' wrongdoings.〔Mahfud MD: "Sejarah Lebaran"〕 The tradition on preparing and consuming ketupat or ''kupat'' in Javanese language during lebaran is believed to be introduced by Raden Mas Sahid or Sunan Kalijaga, one of Wali Songo (nine Muslim saints) that spread Islam in Java. Sunan Kalijaga introduced the ''lebaran ketupat'' ritual on 8 Shawwal, a week after Eid ul-Fitr and a day after six day Shawwal fast. It is believed that it contains appropriate symbolism; ''kupat'' means ''ngaku lepat'' or "admitting one's mistakes" in Javanese language,〔 in accordance to asking for forgiveness tradition during lebaran. The crossed weaving of palm leaves symbolizes mistakes and sins committed by human beings, and the inner whitish rice cake symbolize purity and deliverance from sins after observing Ramadhan fast, prayer and rituals.〔 Other than Java, the tradition on consuming ketupat during Eid ul-Fitr is also can be found throughout Indonesia; from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ketupat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|