|
Khagan or Qagan ((モンゴル語:хаан), ''Khaan'';〔Mongolian Script: , ''Qaγan''; or ; (ペルシア語:خاقان), ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kha-khan, Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, Қан, or Kha'an〕) is a title in the Mongolian language equal to the status of emperor and used to refer to someone who rules a khaganate or empire. The title was adopted by Ögedei Khan from the Turkic title ''kaɣan''.〔Fairbank 1978, (p. 367 )).〕 It may also be translated as Khan of Khans, equivalent to King of Kings. In modern Mongolian, the title became ''Khaan'' with the 'g' sound becoming almost silent or non-existent (''i.e.'' a very light voiceless velar fricative); the ''ğ'' in modern Turkish ''Kağan'' is also silent. Since the division of the Mongol Empire, emperors of the Yuan dynasty held the title of Khagan and their successors in Mongolia continued to have the title. ''Kağan'' is a common Turkish name in Turkey. The common western rendering as Great Khan (or Grand Khan), notably in the case of the Mongol Empire, is translation of ''Yekhe Khagan'' (Great Emperor or Их Хаан). ==Origin== The title was first seen in a speech between 283 and 289, when the Xianbei chief Tuyuhun tried to escape from his younger stepbrother Murong Hui, and began his route from the Liaodong Peninsula to the areas of Ordos Desert. In the speech one of the Murong's general named Yinalou addressed him as kehan (, later ), some sources suggests that Tuyuhun might also have used the title after settling at Qinghai Lake in the 3rd century.〔Zhou 1985, p. 3-6〕 The Rouran Khaganate (330-555) was the first people to use the titles Khagan and Khan for their emperors, replacing the Chanyu of the Xiongnu, whom Grousset and others assume to be Turkic.〔Grousset (1970), pp. 61, 585, n. 92.〕 However, many scholars believe the Rouran were proto-Mongols.〔Art, Iranian-Bulletin of the Asia Institute, volume 17, p. 122〕〔Nihon Gakushiin-Proceedings of the Japan Academy, volume 2, p. 241〕〔Teikoku Gakushiin (Japan)-Proceedings of the Imperial Academy, volume 2, p. 241〕 The Avar Khaganate (567–804), who may have included Rouran elements after the Göktürks crushed the Rouran ruling Mongolia, also used this title. The Avars invaded Europe, and for over a century ruled the Carpathian region. Westerners Latinized the title "Khagan" into "Gaganus" or ''Cagan et Iugurro principibus Hunorum''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「khagan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|