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khandoba
Khandoba, ((マラーティー語:खंडोबा) (カンナダ語:ಖಂಡೋಬಾ), (テルグ語:ఖండోబా), ) also known as Martanda Bhairava and Malhari, is a Hindu god, worshipped as a form of Shiva, mainly in the Deccan plateau of India, especially in the states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. He is the most popular Kuladaivat in Maharashtra.〔Singh p.ix〕 He is also the patron deity of warrior, farming, herding as well as some Brahmin (priest) castes, the hunters and gatherers of the hills and forests. The cult of Khandoba has linkages with Vaishnava and Jain traditions, and also assimilates all communities irrespective of caste, including Muslims. Khandoba is sometimes identified with Mallanna of Andhra Pradesh and Mailara of Karnataka. The worship of Khandoba developed during the 9th and 10th centuries from a folk deity into a composite god possessing the attributes of Shiva, Bhairava, Surya and Karttikeya (Skanda). He is depicted either in the form of a Lingam, or as an image of a warrior riding on a bull or a horse. The foremost centre of Khandoba worship is Jejuri in Maharashtra. The legends of Khandoba, found in the text ''Malhari Mahatmya'' and also narrated in folk songs, revolve around his victory over demons Mani-malla and his marriages.
==Etymology and other names==
The name "Khandoba" comes from the words "khadga" (sword), the weapon used by Khandoba to kill the demons, and "ba" (father). "Khanderaya" means "king Khandoba". Another variant is "Khanderao", where the suffix "rao" (king) is used.
In Sanskrit texts, Khandoba is known as Martanda Bhairava, a combination of the solar deity Martanda and Shiva's fierce form Bhairava. The name "Mallari" or "Malhari" is split as "Malla" and "ari" (enemy), thus meaning "enemy of the demon Malla". ''Malhari Mahatmya'' records Martanda Bhairava, pleased with the bravery of Malla, takes the name "Mallari" (the enemy of Malla).〔Sontheimer in Hiltebeitel p.314〕 Other variants include Malanna (Mallanna) and Mailara (Mailar).
Other names include Khandu Gavda, Mhalsa-kant ("husband of Mhalsa") and Jejurica Vani.〔Sontheimer in Feldhaus p.115〕
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