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Khap is a clan or a group of related clan, mainly among the Jats of Western UP and Haryana.,〔( क्या है खाप पंचायत, क्यों है उसका दबदबा?, Atul Sagar, BBC 5 August 2009 )〕 〔( Identifying The Centripetal And Centrifugal Forces Through Khap Panchayats In Haryana-An Analysis Satpal Singh, Dalbir Singh, IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 16, Issue 4 (Sep. - Oct. 2013), PP 109-116 )〕 although historically the term has been used among other communities also .〔अब उतपति श्रावकनु के, षांप गोत की जेम | भई सु पोथिनु देषि करि, वरनन है कवि तेम ||६८२|| आगैं तो श्रावक सवै, एकमेक ही होत | लगे चलन विपरीति तव, थापे षांप अरु गोत ||६८३|| थपी वहैतरि षांप ऐ, गांम नगर के नांम | जैसैं पोथनु मैं लषी, सो वरनी अभिराम ||६८४|| Describes the 84 Jain communities, Buddhi-Vilas, Bakhtaram Sah, Samvat 1827, (1770 AD)〕 A Khap Panchayat is an assembly of Khap elders. A Sarv Khap (literally all Khaps) meeting involves an assembly of many Khaps.〔(Haryana’s biggest khap panchayat scripts history, allows inter-caste marriages, Manveer Saini,TNN | Apr 21, 2014, )〕〔( The Jats of Northern India Their Traditional Political System—II, M C Pradhan, Economic and Political Weekly, December 18, 1965 )〕 A Khap is a community organization unaffiliated with the formally elected government bodies. A Khap Panchayat is concerned with the affairs of the Khap it represents.〔( खाप पंचायतों का हृदय परिवर्तन! अंजलि सिन्हा, Sahara Samay, 26 Apr 2014 )〕 It is not affiliated with the democratically elected local assemblies that are also termed Panchayat. A Khap panchayat has not official government recogition or authority, but can exert significant social influence within the community they represent. Baliyan Khap, famous by the panchayats lead late farmer leader Mahendra Singh Tikait, is among the most influential Khaps.〔(Muzaffarnagar riots: A Jat family protected 70 Muslims in Fugna village, India Today, September 14, 2013 )〕 == History == In the last few millennia, society in the Indian subcontinent was organized in various forms, such as tribal, village, monarchical or republican. As civilization shifted from nomadic to settled agricultural practices, society organized around the village. The government was a council of five people, and was called a Panchayat. Republican government existed from the earliest known time.〔〔 Although society coalesced around monarchy in various times, the republican societies continued to exist. References to the republican sources exist in ancient literature, such as the Rig Veda (circa 1500 BCE).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Khap Panchayat - Killing in the name of Honour )〕 The institutions of government were the ''Sabha'' (सभा) or ''samiti'' (समिति), which mean "gathering" and "assembly", respectively. The president of the Sabha was called the Sabhapati, and was an elected official.〔J.P. Sharma, Republics in Ancient India, 1968, Leiden〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】last=Muhlberger )〕 The term 'Rajan, Rajanaya' has been taken to denote a monarchical system. This term was also used at that time for the head of the household, who would participate in the 'Sabha' (assembly). In later times, this took on a monarchical connotation. The Sarv Khap (or ''All Khap'') Panchayat (Council) represented all the Khaps. The individual Khaps would elect leaders who would send delegates to represent their Khaps at the Sarv Khap. It was a political organization, composed of all the clans, communities, and castes in the region. The republics of the Yaudheyas who dominated this region from 600 BCE to 400 CE preceded it. They had a similar system of governance, and their coins and seals are found throughout the region. Rohtak, Haryana was a capital and a major coin mint.〔Bibliography, Yuadheyoun ka Ithihasa〕 After the fall of Kushan Empire, northwest India was divided into small republics that later formed federations known as Ganasanghas. One Ganasangha was on the banks of Sutlej River. Another Gansangha of Arjunayana was in the region between Agra and Bharatpur. Dr Budh Prakash states that the Yaudheyas are related to the present Dahiya clan and Arjunayana Ganasanghas were the present Joon clans.〔Dr Natthan Singh, ''Jat-Itihas'', (Jat History), Jat Samaj Kalyan Parishad, F-13, Dr Rajendra Prasad Colony, Tansen marg, Gwalior, M.P, India 474 002 2004〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「khap」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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