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khat
''Catha edulis'' (khat, qat〔 〕) is a flowering plant native to the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Among communities from these areas, khat chewing has a history as a social custom dating back thousands of years.
Khat contains a monoamine alkaloid called cathinone, an amphetamine-like stimulant, which is said to cause excitement, loss of appetite and euphoria. In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified it as a drug of abuse that can produce mild-to-moderate psychological dependence (less than tobacco or alcohol), although WHO does not consider khat to be seriously addictive.〔 The plant has been targeted by anti-drug organizations such as the DEA. It is a controlled substance in some countries, such as Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States (''de facto''), while its production, sale, and consumption are legal in other nations, including Djibouti, Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia and Yemen.〔
==Nomenclature==
Khat goes by various traditional names, such as kat, qat, qaad, ghat, chat, tschat, Abessinischer Tee, Abyssinian Tea, Somali Tea, Miraa, Arabian Tea, and Kafta in its endemic regions of the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/drug-facts/khat )〕 In the African Great Lakes region, where ''Catha edulis'' is in some areas cultivated, it is known as miraa, muhulo and muirungi.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy )〕 In South Africa, the plant is known as Bushman's Tea.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Protected Trees )〕 Other names for khat include Chat Tree and Flower of Paradise.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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