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A kindergarten〔From German , which means "kindergarten", not "children's garden", which is an (incorrect) literal translation. The term was coined in the metaphorical sense of "place where children can grow in a natural way", not in the literal sense of "garden".〕 is a preschool educational approach traditionally based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. The first such institutions were created in the late eighteenth century in Bavaria and Strasbourg to serve children both of whose parents worked out of the home. The term was coined by Friedrich Fröbel, whose approach greatly influenced early-years education around the world. In accordance with his approach, he coined the term in the metaphorical sense of "place where children can grow in a natural way" (not in the literal sense of "garden"). The term is used in many countries to describe a variety of educational institutions for children ranging from two to seven years of age, based on a variety of teaching methods. ==History== In 1779, Johann Friedrich Oberlin and Louise Scheppler founded in Strasbourg an early establishment for caring for and educating pre-school children whose parents were absent during the day.〔Samuel Lorenzo Knapp (1843), ''Female biography; containing notices of distinguished women, in different nations and ages''. Philadelphia: Thomas Wardle. p. 230.〕 At about the same time, in 1780, similar infant establishments were established in Bavaria.〔Manfred Berger, ("Kurze Chronik der ehemaligen und gegenwärtigen Ausbildungsstätten für Kleinkindlehrerinnen, Kindergärtnerinnen, Hortnerinnen ... und ErzieherInnen in Bayern" ) in "Das Kita-Handbuch", ed. Martin R. Textor〕 In 1802, Princess Pauline zur Lippe established a preschool center in Detmold, the capital of the then principality of Lippe, Germany (now in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia). In 1816, Robert Owen, a philosopher and pedagogue, opened the first British and probably globally the first infants school in New Lanark, Scotland.〔(New Lanark Kids: Robert Owen )〕〔(Education in Robert Owen's New Society: the New Lanark Institute and schools )〕 In conjunction with his venture for cooperative mills Owen wanted the children to be given a good moral education so that they would be fit for work. His system was successful in producing obedient children with basic literacy and numeracy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Socialist - Courier: Robert Owen and New Lanark )〕 Samuel Wilderspin opened his first infant school in London in 1819, and went on to establish hundreds more. He published many works on the subject, and his work became the model for infant schools throughout England and further afield. Play was an important part of Wilderspin's system of education. He is credited with inventing the playground. In 1823, Wilderspin published ''On the Importance of Educating the Infant Poor'', based on the school. He began working for the Infant School Society the next year, informing others about his views. He also wrote ''The Infant System, for developing the physical, intellectual, and moral powers of all children from 1 to seven years of age''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「kindergarten」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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