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is the term for a special category of words used in certain types of Japanese traditional poetry. It is regarded as a requirement in traditional haiku, as well as in the hokku, or opening verse, of both classical renga and its derivative renku (haikai no renga). There is no exact equivalent of kireji in English, and its function can be difficult to define. It is said to supply structural support to the verse.〔(Brief Notes on "Kire-ji" ), Association of Japanese Classical Haiku, retrieved 2008-07-10〕 When placed at the end of a verse, it provides a dignified ending, concluding the verse with a heightened sense of closure. Used in the middle of a verse, it briefly cuts the stream of thought, indicating that the verse consists of two thoughts half independent of each other.〔Nobuyuki Yuasa. ''Translating 'the sound of water' '', in ''The Translator's Art'', Penguin, 1987, ISBN 0-14-009226-9 p.234〕 In such a position, it indicates a pause, both rhythmically and grammatically, and may lend an emotional flavour to the phrase preceding it.〔William J. Higginson and Penny Harter. ''The Haiku Handbook'', Kodansha International, 1985, ISBN 4-7700-1430-9, p.102〕 == List of common kireji == Classical renga developed a tradition of 18 kireji, which were adopted by haikai, thence used for both renku and haiku,〔Haruo Shirane. ''Traces of Dreams, Landscape, Cultural Memory, and the poetry of Bashō.'' Stanford University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8047-3099-7 (pbk), p.100〕 the most common of which are listed below:〔Higginson and Harter, pp.291-292〕 * ''ka'': emphasis; when at end of a phrase, it indicates a question * 哉 ''kana'': emphasis; usually can be found at a poem's end, indicates wonder * -''keri'': exclamatory verbal suffix, past perfect * -''ramu'' or -''ran'': verbal suffix indicating probability * -''shi'': adjectival suffix; usually used to end a clause * -''tsu'': verbal suffix; present perfect * や ''ya'': emphasises the preceding word or words. Cutting a poem into two parts, it implies an equation, while inviting the reader to explore their interrelationship.〔Makoto Ueda, ''Modern Japanese Haiku'', University of Tokyo Press, 1976, ISBN 0802062458 pbk. p.265〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「kireji」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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