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kirk
Kirk is a Scottish word meaning a church, or more specifically, the Church of Scotland. Many place names and personal names are derived from it.
==Basic meaning and etymology==
As a common noun, ''kirk'' (meaning 'church') is found in Scots, Scottish English and some English dialects,〔
"There is a considerable amount of Scandinavian lexis in all Scots dialects. Because it is a secondary contact dialect in relation to the large-scale Scandinavian settlement in northern England in the early Middle Ages (Samuels 1989), a large part of this lexical material - words which appear typically 'Scots', such as ''brigg'', 'bridge', and ''kirk'', 'church' - is shared with the dialects of northern England, however."〕 attested as a noun from the 14th century onwards, but as an element in placenames much earlier. Both words, ''kirk'' and ''church'', derive from the Koine Greek κυριακόν (δωμα) (kyriakon (dōma)) meaning ''Lord's (house)'', which was borrowed into the Germanic languages in late antiquity, possibly in the course of the Gothic missions. (Only a connection with the idiosyncrasies of Gothic explains how a Greek neuter noun became a Germanic feminine.) Whereas ''church'' displays Old English palatalisation, ''kirk'' is a loanword from Old Norse and thus has the original mainland Germanic consonants. Compare cognates: Icelandic & Faroese ''kirkja''; Swedish ''kyrka''; Norwegian (Nynorsk) ''kyrkje''; Norwegian (Bokmål) & Danish ''kirke''; German ''Kirche'' (reflecting palatalization before unstressed front vowel); Dutch ''kerk''; West Frisian ''tsjerke''; and borrowed into non-Germanic languages: Estonian ''kirik'' and Finnish ''kirkko''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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