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kissel
Kissel or kisel ((エストニア語:kissell), (フィンランド語:kiisseli), , (ラトビア語:ķīselis), (リトアニア語:kisielius), (ポーランド語:kisiel), (ロシア語:кисель), , (ウクライナ語:кисiль)) is a viscous fruit dish, popular as a dessert. It consists of sweetened juice, thickened with arrowroot, cornstarch or potato starch, and sometimes red wine or fresh or dried fruits are added.〔(“Kissel” ) from the ''Food Lover's Companion at Answers.com.〕 It is similar to the Danish rødgrød or German Rote Grütze. Swedish blåbärssoppa is a similarly prepared bilberry dessert, although only fresh or frozen bilberries, not dried berries are used to prepare it.
Kissel can be served either hot or cold, also together with sweetened quark or semolina pudding. Kissel can also be served on pancakes or with ice cream. If the kissel is made using less thickening starch, it can be drunk — this is common in Russia and Ukraine.
==Etymology==
Its name is derived from a Slavic word meaning "sour" (cf. Russian кислый ''kisly''), after a similar old Slavic dish which was made from grain (most commonly oats) and lacked the sweetness of the modern variants. Kissel is first mentioned in the old East Slavic Primary Chronicle where there is a story of how it saved the 10th-century Rus' city of Belgorod Kievsky, besieged by nomadic Pechenegs in 997. When the food in the city became scarce and a hunger started, the inhabitants of the city followed an advice of an old man, who told them to make kissel from the remnants of grain, and a sweet drink from the last mead they could find. Then they filled a wooden container with the kissel, and another one with the mead drink, put those containers into the holes in the ground and made up two fake wells over them. When the Pechenegian ambassadors came into the town, they saw how the inhabitants took the food from those "wells", and the Pechenegs even were allowed to taste the kissel and mead beverage. Impressed by that show and degustation, Pechenegs decided to lift the siege and to go away, having concluded that the Ruthenians were mysteriously fed from the earth itself.〔(The Russian Primary Chronicle, Laurentian Text ). Translated and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor. Cambridge, MA: The Mediaeval Academy of America, 1953, p.122. Kissel is translated as "porridge" in this edition.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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