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klezmer
Klezmer (Yiddish: כליזמר or קלעזמער (''klezmer''), pl.: כליזמרים (''klezmorim''), כליזמר from (ヘブライ語:כלי זמר) — instruments of music) is a musical tradition of the Ashkenazi Jews of Eastern Europe. Played by professional musicians called ''klezmorim'', the genre originally consisted largely of dance tunes and instrumental display pieces for weddings and other celebrations. In the United States the genre evolved considerably as Yiddish-speaking Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe, who arrived between 1880 and 1924,〔Hankus Netsky, "American Klezmer: A Brief History" from ''American Klezmer: Its Roots and Offshoots'' Ed. Mark Slobin, p.13〕 met and assimilated American jazz. During the initial years after the klezmer revival of the 1970s, this was what most people knew as klezmer, although in the current century musicians have begun paying more attention to the "original" pre-jazz traditions as revivalists including Josh Horowitz, Yale Strom, and Bob Cohen have spent years doing field research in Eastern/Central Europe. Additionally, later immigrants from the Soviet Union such as German Goldenshtayn took their surviving repertoires to the United States and Israel in the 1980s.
Compared with most other European folk music styles, little is known about the history of klezmer music, and much of what is said about it must be seen as conjecture.〔Mark Slobin, ''Fiddler on the Move.'' p.93.〕 Starting in 2008, "The Other Europeans" project, funded by several EU cultural institutions,〔(The Other Europeans: An Intercultural Dialogue )〕 spent a year doing intensive field research in Moldavia under the leadership of Alan Bern and scholar Zev Feldman. They wanted to explore klezmer and lautari roots, and fuse the music of the two "other European" groups. The resulting band now performs internationally. As with this ensemble, groups like Di Naye Kapelye and Yale Strom & Hot Pstromi have incorporated Rom musicians and elements since their inceptions.
==Etymology==
The term klezmer comes from a combination of Hebrew words: ''kli'', meaning "tool, or utensil" and ''zemer'', meaning "to make music"; leading to ''k'li zemer'' כְּלִי זֶמֶר, literally "vessels of song" = "musical instrument".
Originally, ''klezmer'' referred to musical instruments, and was later extended to refer, as a pejorative, to musicians themselves.〔(About the Klezmer Revival )〕 From the 16th to 18th centuries, older terms such as ''leyts'' (clown) gave way.〔http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Music/Traditional_and_Instrumental_Music〕 It was not until the late 20th century that the word came to identify a musical genre. Early twentieth century recordings and writings most often refer to the style as "Yiddish" music, although it is also sometimes called ''Freilech music'' (Yiddish, literally "Happy music"). The first recordings to use the term "klezmer" to refer to the music were The Klezmorim's ''East Side Wedding'' and ''Streets of Gold'' in 1977/78, followed by Andy Statman and Zev Feldman's ''Jewish Klezmer Music'' in 1979.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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