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knickpoint
A knickpoint is a term in geomorphology to describe a location of a river or channel where there is a sharp change in channel slope, such as a waterfall or lake. Knickpoints reflect different conditions and processes on the river often caused by previous erosion due to glaciation or variance in lithology.
==Formation==
Knickpoints are formed by the influence of tectonics, climate history, and/or lithology.〔Paul R. Bierman, David R. Montgomery. ''Key Concepts in Geomorphology'', Freeman, 2013 ISBN 978-1429238601〕 For example, uplift along a fault over which a river is flowing will often result in an unusually steep reach along a channel, known as a ''knickzone''. Glaciation resulting in a hanging valley are often prime spots for knickpoints. If lithology of the rock varies, such as shale amongst igneous rock, erosion will occur more steadily in the softer rock than the surrounding.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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