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Knyaz or knez is a historical Slavic title, used both as a royal and noble title, usually translated into English either as Prince or less commonly as Duke, and in Latin sources as ''comes'' or ''princeps'', but the word was originally derived from the Proto-Germanic ''kuningaz'' (king).〔de Madariaga, p. 354.〕 The female form transliterated from Bulgarian and Russian is knyaginya (), ''kniahynia'' () in Ukrainian, ''kneginja'' in Slovene, Croatian and Serbian (). In Russian, the daughter of a knyaz is ''knyazhna'' (), in Ukrainian is ''kniazivna'' (). In Russian, the son of a knyaz is ''knyazhich'' () (old form). The title is pronounced and written similarly in different European languages. In Croatian, Bosnian and West Slavic languages, such as Polish, the word has later come to denote "lord", and in Czech, Polish and Slovak also came to mean "priest" (kněz, ksiądz, kňaz) as well as "duke" (knez, kníže, książę, knieža).〔("князь". "Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary" online )〕 In Sorbian it means simply "Mister". Today the term ''knez'' is still used as the most common translation of "prince" in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian literature. "Knez" is also found as a surname in former Yugoslavia. ==Etymology== The etymology is ultimately a cognate of the English ''king'', the German ''König'', and the Swedish ''konung''. The proto-Slavic form was кънѧѕь ''kŭnędzĭ'',〔Skok, Petar. ''Etimologijski Rječnik Hrvatskoga ili Srpskoga Jezika''. 1972.〕 (古代教会スラヴ語、教会スラヴ語:кънѧѕь)〔Ed. Kurz, Josef. ''Slovnik Jazyka Staroslověnskeho: Lexicon Linguae Palaeoslavonicae.'' 1958.〕 ''kŭnędzĭ'', (ブルガリア語:княз), ''knyazĭ'', (ポーランド語:książe), (セルビア語:кнез), Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, and (スロベニア語:knez), etc., as it could be a very early borrowing from the already extinct Proto-Germanic ''Kuningaz'', a form also borrowed by Finnish and Estonian (''Kuningas'').〔〔"knez". ''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1989, online () (subscription required)〕 In Finnish ''knyaz'' is translated more like the word ruhtinas ("Sovereign Prince"). ''Ruhtinas'' comes from Proto-Germanic word druhtinaz, what can be translated as "warlord". In Finland tsar was officially called as ''suuriruhtinas'' after the Grand Principality of Finland. Suuriruhtinas in English means "grand prince", in Russian ''velikiy knyaz''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「knyaz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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