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kogal
is a Japanese fashion culture which involves schoolgirls wearing an outfit based on their uniform, but with very short skirts. The short skirts are worn without any leggings, irrespective of the season (summer, winter or rainy). The girls may also wear loose socks, scarves and have dyed hair.〔(Kogal back in fashion- report by Japan Times )〕〔(Japan's schoolgirls set the trend- news report by The Independent )〕 The word "kogal" is anglicized from ''kogyaru'', a contraction of ''kōkōsei gyaru'' (high school gal). The girls refer to themselves as ''gyaru'' (gals), although this word is applied to several other fashion looks as well.
Aside from the miniskirt or microskirt, and the loose socks, kogals favor platform boots, makeup, and Burberry scarves. They may also dye their hair brown and get artificial suntans. They have a distinctive slang peppered with English words. They are often, but not necessarily, enrolled students. Centers of kogal culture include the Harajuku and Shibuya districts of Tokyo, in particular Shibuya's 109 Building. Pop singer Namie Amuro promoted the style. Kogals are avid users of photo booths, with most visiting at least once a week, according to non-scientific polls.〔Laura Miller, Jan Bardsle, ''Bad Girls of Japan'', p. 130.〕 While critics condemned the ''gyaru'' as shallow, materialistic, and devoted to conspicuous consumption, admirers describe them as, "kindhearted, active young women in exuberant health, the women of today."〔"(since 1970 )"〕
==Origin of word==
The word "kogal" is a contraction of .〔Miller, Laura, "Those Naughty Teenage Girls: Japanese Kogals, Slang, and Media Assessments", ''Journal of Linguistic Anthropology'': Volume 14: Number 2 (2004).〕 It originated as a code used by disco bouncers to distinguish adults from minors.〔 The term is not used by the girls it refers to. They call themselves , a Japanese pronunciation of the English word "gal."〔 The term ''gyaru'' was first popularized in 1972 by a television ad for a brand of jeans.〔"(Shiro Gal (Light Skin Gal) )"〕 In the 1980s, a ''gyaru'' was a fashionably dressed woman.〔 When written 子, ''ko'' means "young woman," so ''kogyaru'' is sometimes understood in the sense of "young gal."〔"(Osaka - Japan )"〕 However, if this was the meaning originally intended, would be more logical.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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