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koliva
Koliva, kollyva,kollyba or Colivă (Greek: ; Serbian: ; Romanian: '; Bulgarian: , ''kolivo''; Georgian: (also interchangeably called and ); Ukrainian: , ''kolyvo''), is boiled wheat which is used liturgically in the Eastern Orthodox Churches.
This ritual food most likely was used even before Christianity since the ingredients used have symbolic value relating to the Greek pantheon, though not to Christian iconography. In the Eastern Churches, koliva is blessed during the memorial Divine Liturgy performed at various intervals after a death; at funerals and during the mnemosyna, i.e. the Orthodox Memorial services. It may also be used on the first Friday of the Great Lent,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1st Saturday of Great Lent St Theodore the Recruit )〕 at slavas, or at ''mnemosyna'' in the Christmas meal. In some countries, though not in Greece, it is consumed on non-religious occasions as well.
A similar food item is widely popular in Lebanon where it is known as ''snuniye'' and, more commonly, as ''berbara'' as it is prepared for Saint Barbara's day, December 4, which is celebrated with Halloween-like festivities.
==Etymology==
''Kollyba'', a word which in Greek is the plural form of ''kollybo'' (: n neu; itself rarely used), is derived from the Classical Greek word , ''kollybos'' (n masc), i.e. a small coin or a small gold weight. In the Hellenistic period, the neuter plural form of the latter word, i.e. , ''kollyba'', took the meaning of small pies made of boiled wheat.The sense of the ritual food is of a latter period.〔.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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