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kopis
The term kopis (from Greek κοπίς, plural ''kopides''〔(κοπίς ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 from κόπτω - ''koptō'', "to cut, to strike";〔(κόπτω ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 alternatively a derivation from the Ancient Egyptian term ''khopesh'' for a cutting sword has been postulated〔Gordon, D.H. (1958) "Scimitars, Sabres and Falchions". in ''Man'', Vol 58, p. 24〕) in Ancient Greece could describe a heavy knife with a forward-curving blade, primarily used as a tool for cutting meat, for ritual slaughter and animal sacrifice, or refer to a single edged cutting or "cut and thrust" sword with a similarly shaped blade.
==Characteristics==
The kopis sword was a one-handed weapon. Early examples had a blade length of up to 65 cm, making it almost equal in size to the spatha. Later Macedonian examples tended to be shorter with a blade length of about 48 cm. The kopis had a single-edged blade that pitched forward towards the point, the edge being concave on the part of the sword nearest the hilt, but swelling to convexity towards the tip. This shape, often termed "recurved", distributes the weight in such a way that the kopis was capable of delivering a blow with the momentum of an axe, whilst maintaining the long cutting edge of a sword and some facility to execute a thrust. Some scholars have claimed an Etruscan origin for the sword, as such swords have been found as early as the 7th century BC in Etruria.〔Connolly, P. (1981) ''Greece and Rome at War''. Macdonald Phoebus, London, pp. 63 and 99.〕
The ''kopis'' is often compared to the contemporary Iberian falcata and the more recent, and shorter, Nepalese kukri. The word itself is a Greek feminine singular noun. The difference in meaning between kopis and makhaira (''μάχαιρα'', another Greek word, meaning "chopper" or "short sword", "dagger") is not entirely clear in ancient texts,〔For a good summary of the evidence, see F. Quesada Sanz: "''Máchaira'', ''kopís'', falcata" in ''Homenaje a Francisco Torrent'', Madrid, 1994, pp. 75–94.〕 but modern specialists tend to discriminate between single-edged cutting swords, those with a forward curve being classed as ''kopides'', those without as ''makhairai''.〔Tarassuk & Blair, s.v. "kopis", ''The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms and Weapons'', 1979.〕
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