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Kumdo is a modern Korean martial art derived from Japanese Kendo. Though romanized in a number ways when written Kǒmdo or Geomdo the meaning remains "the way of the sword" and is cognate with the Japanese term. As a martial art, Kumdo has become accepted in Korean culture and society since its introduction from Japan to the degree that the term "Kumdo" has, in recent history, become a generic label for other Korean martial arts based upon swordsmanship. As a result, caution should be exercised to avoid confusion among practices espousing martial (ie, Hankumdo) rather than sporting and competitive goals. Although related to Japanese Kendo, minor differences exist in Korean Kumdo due to appropriation and acculturation. Such differences include, but are not limited to, the use of native terminology, the use of blue flags rather than red flags for the referees and minor modifications to the uniform. ==History== In April, 1895 the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (DNBK) was established in Kyoto, Japan for the preservation of older Martial activities such as sword, archery and unarmed combat. Swordsmen in Japan had established schools of kenjutsu (lit: "sword techniques") over centuries of military heritage and this material formed the basis for the DNBK swordwork. In particular was the use of bamboo practice swords (shinai) and armor (bōgu) to sword training attributed to Naganuma Shirōzaemon Kunisato during the Shotoku Era (1711–1715). In 1896, the DNBK expanded to Korea as the Dai Nippon Butokukai - Choson-bu (Korean Branch) under Nakamura, Tokichi. Japanese Swordsmanship Kenjutsu, like Judo, was adapted to the Japanese educational system in 1911 at the prodding of Naito Takaharu and Isogai Hajime, both of the DNBK, since the use of a pliant bamboo sword and padded armour allowed competitors to strike each other with sword techniques in greater safety. The DNBK changed the name of this sporting form of swordsmanship, first called gekiken, (Kyūjitai: 擊劍; Shinjitai: 撃剣, "hitting sword") to Kendo in 1920. Korea, then subject to Japanese policy and administration (Korea under Japanese rule), also adopted these practices but often using Korean rather than Japanese terminology. Made a required course in Korean schools in 1939, Kendo continued to be taught until 1945. After WWII, Kumdo and Kendo diverged to form separate but nearly identical practices. The following is a brief historical time-line of Kumdo development. * 1895 In April, 1895 the Dai Nippon Butokukai, or “All Japan Martial Virtue Society” had been established in Kyoto by civilian enthusiasts of various traditional Japanese arts such as Archery, Ju-jutsu and Ken-jutsu.〔An Apologetic for the DNBK, 1947; Svinth, Joseph R.; Nov 22, 2002〕 * 1895 As many as 40 Japanese advisors are brought into Korea, several of which are placed with the national police administration. As part of the restructuring of the national Korean police indicated in the Kabo Reforms of 1894, cadets at the ''Kyongmuchong'' or Police Academy are required to learn "kyok gom" (J. "gekki ken") or "combat swordsmanship" as one of its training subjects. * 1896 The Dai Nippon Butokukai (DNBK), Chosen-bu (Korean Branch) under Nakamura, Tokichi, is established.〔 * 1904 Training in Japanese military sword (K. "kyok gom") is included in the curriculum of the Yonsong Army Academy. * 1906 ''Gekiken'' introduced into Korean school curriculum * 1908 a tournament held between the Korean police and their Japanese counterparts. Gekiken was also included in the first official national physical education program for the general public. * 1919 According to Japanese records, the term Kendo is coined in Japan on August 1, 1919. * 1927 Kumdo becomes an official curricular subject in junior high schools. * 1935 Kumdo included in the 16th National Joseon Sports Festival〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.kendo-world.com/articles/web/korea/index.php )〕 * 1947 Korean kumdo began to restructure itself with the holding of the Seoul Police Kumdo Tournament〔 * 1948 Approximately 100 highly ranked kumdo instructors gathered in Changdeokgung Palace and formed the predecessor to the Korean Kumdo Association〔 * 1950 The 1st National Police Kumdo Tournament was held〔 * 1952 A committee was created to oversee the formation of the KKA〔 * 1953 The KKA was inaugurated and became affiliated with the Korean Amateur Sports Association〔 * The 1st National Individual Kumdo Championships were held (Same year that the All Japan Kendo Federation was formed)〔 * 1956 Kumdo was once more included as an official event of the National Sports Festival after a break of 20 years〔 * 1959 Kumdo became increasingly popular with the President’s Cup Grade Category Tournament, and the National Student Championships〔 * 1964 The Student Kumdo Federation became affiliated with the KKA〔 * 1970 The Student Federation separated into the Collegiate Federation and the Secondary Schools Federation. The International Kendo Federation was formed and a Korean named as Vice President〔 * 1972 Kumdo was included in the National Youth Sports Meet〔 * 1979 The news agency Dong Ilbo joined forces with the KKA in sponsoring the President’s Cup National Championships〔 * 1988 The Korean Social Kumdo Federation was formed and followed by the 1st National Social Championships〔 * 1993 Inauguration of the SBS Royal National Championships〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「kumdo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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