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|Section2= |Section3= }} L-Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan used in the production of niacin. Kynurenine is synthesized by the enzyme tryptophan dioxygenase, which is made primarily but not exclusively in the liver, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which is made in many tissues in response to immune activation. Kynurenine and its further breakdown products carry out diverse biological functions, including dilating blood vessels during inflammation and regulating the immune response. Some cancers increase kynurenine production, which increases tumor growth.〔 Evidence suggests that increased kynurenine production may precipitate depressive symptoms associated with interferon treatment for hepatitis C. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are associated with imbalances in the enzymes that break down kynurenine. Kynurenine production is increased in Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease where its metabolites are associated with cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms. Kynurenine is also associated with tics. Kynureninase catabolizes the conversion of kynurenine into anthranilic acid〔(Kynureninase ), European Bioinformatics Institute〕 while kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase catabolizes its conversion into kynurenic acid. Kynurenine 3-hydroxylase converts kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine. == Kynurenin Pathway Dysfunction == Dysfunctional states of distinct steps of the kynurenine pathway (e.g. kynurenine, kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, anthranilic acid, 3 -Hydroxykynurenine) have been described for a number of disorders, e.g.:〔Trevor W. Stone: Kynurenines in the CNS: from endogenous obscurity to therapeutic importance. Progress in Neurobiology 64 (2001) 185–218〕 *HIV dementia *Tourette Syndrome *Tic disorders *Psychiatric disorders (e.g. Schizophrenia, major depression, anxiety disorders) *Multiple sclerosis *Huntington's disease *Encephalopathies *Lipid metabolism *Liver fat metabolism *Systemic lupus erythematosus *Glutaric aciduria *Vitamin B6 deficiency *Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome Downregulation of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) can be caused by genetic polymorphisms, cytokines, or both. KMO deficiency leads to an accumulation of kynurenine and to a shift within the tryptophan metabolic pathway towards kynurenine acid and anthranilic acid. Kynurenine-3-monooxygenase deficiency is associated with disorders of the brain (e.g. schizophrenia, tic disorders) and of the liver. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「kynurenine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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