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The Greek word Kyrios () means "''lord, Lord, master''".〔.〕 In religious usage, it is sometimes translated as God. It is used in the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible and the Greek New Testament.〔''The Christology of the New Testament'' by Oscar Cullmann 1959 ISBN 0-664-24351-7 pages 234-237 ()〕〔The Bauer lexicon, 1979 edition〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Word Pictures in the New Testament - Romans )〕 ''Kyrios'' appears about 740 times in the New Testament, usually referring to Jesus. The use of ''kyrios'' in the New Testament has been the subject of debate among modern scholars, and three schools of thought exist on that topic. The first is that based on the Septuagint usage, the designation is intended to assign to Jesus the Old Testament attributes of God. The reasoning here being, that at the time the Septuagint was written, when reading out loud, Jews pronounced ''Adonai'', the Hebrew word for "Lord", when they encountered the name of God, "YHWH", which was thus translated into Greek in each instance as ''kyrios''. And the early Christians, the majority of whom were speakers of Greek, would have been deeply familiar with the Septuagint. The second is that as the early Church expanded, Hellenistic influences resulted in the use of the term. The third is that it is a translation of the Aramaic title ''Mari'' applied to Jesus.〔''Mercer dictionary of the Bible'' by Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard 1998 ISBN 0-86554-373-9 pages 520-525 ()〕 In everyday Aramaic, ''Mari'' was a very respectful form of polite address, well above "teacher" and similar to rabbi. In Greek this has at times been translated as ''kyrios''. While the term Mari expressed the relationship between Jesus and his disciples during his life, the Greek ''kyrios'' came to represent his lordship over the world.〔''The Christology of the New Testament'' by Oscar Cullmann 1959 ISBN 0-664-24351-7 page 202 ()〕 The Gospel of John seldom uses ''kyrios'' to refer to Jesus during his ministry, but does so after the Resurrection, although the vocative ''kyrie'' (meaning sir) appears frequently.〔''The theology of the Gospel of John'' by Dwight Moody Smith 1995 ISBN 0-521-35776-4 page 89〕 The Gospel of Mark never applies the term kyrios as a direct reference to Jesus, unlike Paul who uses it 163 times.〔 When Mark uses kyrios (e.g., in 1:3, 11:9, 12:11, etc.) it is in reference to YHWH/God. Mark does, however, use ''kyrios'' in passages where it is unclear whether it applies to God or Jesus, e.g., in Mark 5:19 or Mark 11: 3.〔''The Gospel to the Romans: the setting and rhetoric of Mark's Gospel'' by Brian J. Incigneri 2003 ISBN 90-04-13108-6 pages 168-169〕 ''Kyrios'' is a key element of the Christology of Apostle Paul. Most scholars agree that the use of ''kyrios'', and hence the Lordship of Jesus, predated the Pauline Epistles, but that Saint Paul expanded and elaborated on that topic.〔 More than any other title, ''kyrios'' defined the relationship between Jesus and those who believed in him as Christ: Jesus was their Lord and Master who was to be served with all their hearts and who would one day judge their actions throughout their lives.〔''II Corinthians: a commentary'' by Frank J. Matera 2003 ISBN 0-664-22117-3 pages 11-13〕 The ''kyrios'' title for Jesus is central to the development of New Testament Christology, for the early Christians placed it at the center of their understanding and from that center attempted to understand the other issues related to the Christian mysteries.〔''Christology: Biblical And Historical'' by Mini S. Johnson, 2005 ISBN 81-8324-007-0 pages 229-235 ()〕 ==See also== *I am (biblical term) *Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament *Theos Kyrios 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「kyrios」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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