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lance
The lance was a pole weapon or spear designed to be used by a mounted warrior or cavalry soldier (lancer). During the periods of Classical and Medieval warfare it evolved into being the leading weapon in cavalry charges, and was unsuited for throwing or for repeated thrusting, unlike similar weapons of the spear/javelin/pike family typically used by infantry. Lances were often equipped with a vamplate – a small circular plate to prevent the hand sliding up the shaft upon impact. Though best known as a military and sporting weapon carried by European knights, the use of lances was widespread throughout Asia, the Middle East and North Africa wherever suitable mounts were available. As a secondary weapon, lancers of the Medieval period also bore swords or maces for hand-to-hand combat, since the lance was often a one-use-per-engagement weapon; assuming the lance survived the initial impact intact, it was (depending on the lance) usually too long, heavy and slow to be effectively used against opponents in a melee.〔Ian Heath, page 33 "Armies of Feudal Europe 1066-1300", Wargames Research Group 1978"〕
==Etymology==
The name is derived from the word ''lancea'' - the Roman auxiliaries' javelin or throwing knife; although according to the OED, the word may be of Iberian origin. Also compare ''longche'', a Greek term for lance.
A lance in the original sense is a light throwing spear, or javelin. The English verb ''to launch'' "fling, hurl, throw" is derived from the term (via Old French ''lancier''), as well as the rarer or poetic ''to lance''. The term from the 17th century came to refer specifically to spears not thrown, used for thrusting by heavy cavalry, and especially in jousting. A thrusting spear which is used by infantry is usually referred to as a pike.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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