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landsmanshaft
A landsmanshaft (also landsmanschaft; plural: landsmanshaftn) is a mutual aid society, benefit society, or hometown society of Jewish immigrants from the same European town or region.
==Role of Landsmanshaftn==
These organizations aided immigrants' transitions from Europe to America by providing social structure and support to those who arrived in the United States without the family networks and practical skills that had sustained them in Europe. Toward the end of the 19th and in the beginning of the 20th centuries, they provided help learning English, finding a place to live and work, locating family and friends, and an introduction to participating in a democracy, through procedures such as voting on officers, holding debates on community issues, and paying dues to support the society.〔Soyer, Daniel, Jewish immigrant associations and American identity in New York, 1880-1939, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2001.〕 In the later years, these functions faded into the background, but the organizations continued as a way of maintaining ties to life in Europe as well as providing a form of life insurance, disability and unemployment insurance, and subsidized burial. Members paid dues on a regular basis, and if they lost their jobs, became too sick to work, or died, the society paid the family a benefit to keep them afloat during that time. When the funds were not needed to support members, landsmanshaftn frequently invested the money in funds that supported the Jewish community in others ways, such as Israel Bonds.〔Weisser, Michael R., A Brotherhood of Memory: Jewish Landsmanshaftn in the New World, Cornell University Press, 1985, ISBN 0-8014-9676-4, p. 14-23.〕 Most landsmanshaftn were based in New York City, where conditions were conducive to sustaining these types of organizations, though they sometimes relocated as the membership migrated to the suburbs.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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