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latrodectus
''Latrodectus'' is a genus of spider in the big spider family Theridiidae, most of which are commonly known as widow spiders. The genus contains 33 recognized species distributed worldwide, including the North American black widows (''L. mactans'', ''L. hesperus'', and ''L. variolus''), the button spiders of Africa, and the Australian redback. Species vary widely in size. In most cases the females are dark-colored and readily identifiable by reddish hourglass-shaped markings on the abdomen.
The venomous bite of these spiders is considered particularly dangerous because of the neurotoxin latrotoxin, which causes the condition latrodectism, both named for the genus. The female black widow has unusually large venom glands and its bite can be particularly harmful to humans. However, despite the genus' notoriety, ''Latrodectus'' bites are rarely fatal. Only female bites are dangerous to humans. However, there is no way of telling whether an individual is male or female until diagnosed.
==Description==
Female widow spiders are typically dark brown or black in color, usually exhibiting a red or orange hourglass on the ventral abdomen; some may have a pair of red spots or have no marking at all. They often exhibit various red or red and white markings on the dorsal abdomen, ranging from a single stripe to bars or spots. Females of a few species are paler brown and some have no bright markings. It is impossible to figure out if a latrodectus is female, spiderling, or male just by looking at it.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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