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The term ''latten'' referred loosely to the copper alloys such as brass or bronze that appeared in the Middle Ages and through to the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It was used for monumental brasses, in decorative effects on borders, rivets or other details of metalwork (particularly armour), in livery and pilgrim badges or funerary effigies. Metalworkers commonly formed latten in thin sheets and used it to make church utensils. Brass of this period is made through the calamine brass process, from copper and zinc ore. Later brass was made with zinc metal from Champion's smelting process and is not generally referred to as latten. This calamine brass was generally manufactured as hammered sheet or "battery brass" (hammered by a "battery" of water-powered trip hammers) and cast brass was rare. "Latten" also refers to a type of tin plating on iron (or possibly some other base metal), which is known as ''white latten''; and ''black latten'' refers to ''laten-brass'', which is brass milled into thin plates or sheets. The term "latten" has also been used, rarely, to refer to lead alloys.〔Funerary crozier of the Bishops of St Davids, on display at St David's Cathedral, West Wales〕 In general, metal in thin sheets is said to be latten such as ''gold latten''; and ''lattens'' (plural) refers to metal sheets between 1/64" and 1/32" in thickness. ==References== * * ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary'' (1998, 2nd edition) * ''The Oxford English Dictionary'' (1989, 2nd edition) * ''Webster's Third New International Dictionary'' (1986) * Joan Day, ''Bristol Brass'' == Footnotes == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「latten」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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