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A lawyer is a person who practices law, as a barrister, judge, attorney, counsel (counselor at law) or solicitor.〔Henry Campbell Black, ''Black's Law Dictionary'', 5th ed. (St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1979), 799.〕 Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services. The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, and so it can be treated here in only the most general terms.〔Geoffrey C. Hazard, Jr. & Angelo Dondi, ''Legal Ethics: A Comparative Study'' (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-8047-4882-9), 20–23.〕〔John Henry Merryman and Rogelio Pérez-Perdomo, ''The Civil Law Tradition: An Introduction to the Legal Systems of Europe and Latin America'', 3rd ed. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007), 102–103.〕 ==Terminology== In practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer. As a result, the meaning of the term "lawyer" may vary from place to place.〔Hazard, 22–23.〕 * In Australia, the word "lawyer" is used to refer to both barristers and solicitors (whether in private practice or practicing as corporate in-house counsel). * In Canada, the word "lawyer" only refers to individuals who have been called to the bar or, in Quebec, have qualified as civil law notaries. Common law lawyers in Canada are formally and properly called "barristers and solicitors", but should not be referred to as "attorneys", since that term has a different meaning in Canadian usage. However, in Quebec, civil law advocates (or ''avocats'' in French) often call themselves "attorney" and sometimes "barrister and solicitor" in English. * In England and Wales, "lawyer" is used to refer to persons who provide reserved and unreserved legal activities and includes practitioners such as barristers, attorneys, solicitors, registered foreign lawyers, patent attorneys, trade mark attorneys, licensed conveyancers, public notaries, commissioners for oaths, immigration advisers and claims management services. The Legal Services Act 2007 defines the ''"legal activities"'' that may only be performed by a person who is entitled to do so pursuant to the Act. 'Lawyer' is not a protected title. * In South Asia, the term "lawyer" is often colloquially used, but the official term is "advocate" as prescribed under the Advocates Act, 1961.〔(Advocates Act, 1961 ), s. 2.〕 * In Scotland, the word "lawyer" refers to a more specific group of legally trained people. It specifically includes advocates and solicitors. In a generic sense, it may also include judges and law-trained support staff. * In the United States, the term generally refers to attorneys who may practice law. It is never used to refer to patent agents〔Carl W. Battle, ''The Patent Guide: A Friendly Guide to Protecting and Profiting from Patents'' (New York: Allworth Press, 1997), 49.〕 or paralegals.〔David G. Cooper and Michael J. Gibson, ''Introduction to Paralegal Studies'', 2nd ed.(Clifton Park: Thomson Delmar Learning, 1998), 4.〕 In fact, there are regulatory restrictions on non-lawyers like paralegals practicing law. * Other nations tend to have comparable terms for the analogous concept. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「lawyer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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