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A lithophone is a musical instrument consisting of a rock or pieces of rock which are struck to produce musical notes. Notes may be sounded in combination (producing harmony) or in succession (melody). The lithophone is an idiophone similar to the bars on instruments such as the glockenspiel, metallophone, xylophone and marimba. ==Notable examples== * A rudimentary form of lithophone is the "rock gong", usually a natural rock formation opportunistically adapted to produce musical tones, such as that on Mfangano Island, in Lake Victoria, Kenya. The Great Stalacpipe Organ of Luray Caverns, Virginia, USA uses 37 stalactites to produce the Western scale. Another stalactite lithophone is to be found at Tenkasi in South India. Ringing Rocks Park in Pennsylvania is another well known lithophone. * A typical Basque (Spain) instrument named Txalaparta (or Chalaparta) can be made of wood or stone, but is traditionally made of wood A more sophisticated lithophone trims and mounts individual stones to achieve a full-scale idiophone: * Probable prehistoric lithophone stones have been found at Sankarjang in Odisha, India.〔 P. Yule/M. Bemmann, Klangsteine aus Orissa Die frühesten Musikinstrumente Indiens?, ''Archaeologia Musicalis'' 2.1, 1988, 41–50 (also in English and French); Paul Yule, Rätsel indischer Kultur, in: H.-G. Niemeyer - R. Pörtner (eds.), ''Die großen Abenteuer der Archäologie'' (Salzburg 1987) vol. 10, p. 3739 ISBN 385012150x.〕 * Vietnamese lithophones dating back to ancient times, called ''đàn đá'', have been discovered and revived in the 20th century. * The ritual music of Korea features the use of stone chimes called ''pyeongyeong'', derived from the Chinese ''bianqing''. * The Musical Stones of Skiddaw from Cumbria, England, have been made into an instrument found in Keswick Museum and Art Gallery. * A lithophone called the ''Musical Stones'' has been created at Brantwood, the former home of John Ruskin in Cumbria, England, and may be played there by visitors.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Musical Stones: Rock music from the Cumbrian Hills )〕 * The Silex Piano, circa 1885, employed suspended flints of various sizes which were struck with other flints to produce sounds. * Composer-vibraphonist Wolfgang Lackerschmid uses an instrument called the gramorimba, which is featured alongside the vibraphone and marimba in a trio setting. * Icelandic post-rock band Sigur Rós constructed a slate marimba from rocks found in Iceland, this is demonstrated in their DVD Heima.〔A clip of Sigur Rós playing the slate marimba can be found here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lk3D5431SPs&feature=related〕 * The stone marimba. * The ''hōkyō'', a lithophone invented in Japan, has been made from the bars of sanukite.〔()〕 The German composer Carl Orff calls for a lithophone called ''Steinspiel'' in his later works. Some lithophones include electric pickups to amplify the sounds. File:MusicalStones2.jpg|The Musical Stones of Skiddaw File:Schellerhau Botanischer Garten Lithophon (01).JPG|Lithophone made of Phonolite in the botanic garden in Schellerhau (Germany) File:Ethiopian Lithophones with Stand, Monastery of Na’akuto La’ab (3425530734).jpg|Ethiopian Lithophones with Stand, Monastery of Na’akuto La’ab File:Stone marimba (from Emil Richards Collection).jpg |Stone marimba, range C3–C5 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「lithophone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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