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The word Litvin ((ベラルーシ語:літвін, ліцвін), ''litvin'', ''litsvin''; (ロシア語:литвин), ''litvin'', (ウクライナ語:литвин), ''lytvyn'') is a Slavic term meaning Lithuanian. In historical contest it can also refer to Slavic people identifying themselves with the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Recently it has been used in modern Belarus to describe ethnic Belarusians〔Вячаслаў Насевіч. (Літвіны ) // Вялікае княства Літоўскае: Энцыклапедыя. У 2 т. / рэд. Г. П. Пашкоў і інш.Т. 2: Кадэцкі корпус — Яцкевіч. — Мінск: Беларуская Энцыклапедыя, 2005. С. 206—208.〕〔http://www.belarusin.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=172:-1000---&catid=31:2009-05-04-11-10-04&Itemid=95Празднуем〕 in historical contexts. In other contexts it can also refer to Slavic people identifying themselves with the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania in present-day Lithuania and Belarus, as well in Ukraine, western Russia and parts of Poland. In modern Belarus, the term is used by some to stress Belarusian participation and contributions to the former Grand Duchy.〔〔(Зянон Пазьняк. ВКЛ (урывак з артыкула «Прамаскоўскі рэжым») ) 〕 ==History of the term== The term ''Belarusian'' as an ethnonym referring to the inhabitants of what is now Belarus developed only in the 20th century.〔Я.Станкевіч. Язык і языкаведа. Вільня: Інстытут беларусістыкі, 2007. с.854〕 Before the late 19th century, the term White Ruthenia usually referred specifically to eastern regions of modern Belarus.〔Алесь Белы. Хронiка Белай Русi〕 Slavic-speaking inhabitants of the Grand Duchy, especially those living east of the historical Baltic lands of the Lithuania Propria – in cities like Minsk, Hrodna, Navahrudak – were usually referred to as Ruthenians in the English language. According to Belarusian historian Anatol Hrytskievich, lands of modern north-western Belarus constituted the major part of historical Lithuania and one should therefore not associate the medieval Grand Duchy of Lithuania exclusively with the modern Republic of Lithuania.〔 (Ягайло и Витовт говорили по-белорусски )〕 During the 19th century Russian authorities attempted to erase the terms ''Lithuania'' and ''Lithuanians'', and replace them with the term ''White-Ruthenia'', that was present on the maps since 16th century. For instance, this can be traced by editions of folklorist researches by Ivan Sakharov, where in the edition of 1836 Belarusian customs are described as ''Litvin'', while in the edition of 1885 the words Литва (''Lithuania'') and Литовцо-руссы (''Lithuanian-Russians'') are replaced by respectively Белоруссия (''Byelorussia'') and белоруссы (''Byelorussians'').〔(Сказанія русскаго народа о семейной жизни своихъ предковъ, собранныя И.Сахаровымъ, СПб, 1836 ), s.195-196; , p.I, s.142-143 (〕 A new wave of national revival on the territory of modern Belarus arose inspired by local intellectuals and nobility like Vincent Dunin-Marcinkevich and Jan Czeczot who created literature in the modern Belarusian language. An example of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania heritage is the Ukrainian subgroup of ''Sivershchyna Litviny'' in Chernihiv Oblast, on the border with Belarus.〔see Anatoliy Ponomariov. "''Ethnic groups of Ukrainians''" (in Ukrainian). Available (online ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「litvin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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