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''Lycium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae. The genus has a disjunct distribution around the globe, with species occurring on most continents in temperate and subtropical regions. South America has the most species, followed by North America and southern Africa. There are several scattered across Europe and Asia, and one is native to Australia.〔Fukuda, T., et al. (2001). (Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus ''Lycium'' (Solanaceae): Inferences from chloroplast DNA sequences. ) ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 19(2), 246-58.〕 The generic name is derived from the Greek word λυκιον (''lycion''), which was applied by Pliny the Elder (23-79) and Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40-90) to a plant known as dyer's buckthorn. It was probably a ''Rhamnus'' species and was named for Lycia, the province in which it grew. General common names for the genus include box-thorn,〔(''Lycium''. ) The Jepson eFlora 2013.〕 desert-thorn, and wolfberry.〔(''Lycium''. ) Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).〕 There are about 70〔 to 80〔(''Lycium''. ) Flora of China.〕〔Levin, R. A. and J. S. Miller. (2005). (Relationships within tribe Lycieae (Solanaceae): paraphyly of ''Lycium'' and multiple origins of gender dimorphism. ) ''American Journal of Botany'' 92(12), 2044-53.〕 species. ==Description== ''Lycium'' are shrubs, often thorny, growing 1 to 4 meters tall. The leaves are small, narrow, and fleshy, and are alternately arranged, sometimes in fascicles. Flowers are solitary or borne in clusters. The funnel-shaped or bell-shaped corolla is white, green, or purple in color. The fruit is a two-chambered, usually fleshy and juicy berry which can be red, orange, yellow, or black. It may have few seeds or many.〔〔 Most ''Lycium'' have fleshy, red berries with over 10 seeds, but a few American taxa have hard fruits with two seeds.〔 While most ''Lycium'' are monoecious, producing bisexual flowers with functional male and female parts, some species are gynodioecious, with some individuals bearing bisexual flowers and some producing functionally female flowers.〔Miller, J. S. and D. L. Venable. (2002). (The transition to gender dimorphism on an evolutionary background of self-incompatibility: an example from ''Lycium'' (Solanaceae). ) ''American Journal of Botany'' 89(12), 1907-15.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「lycium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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