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lymphadenectomy
Lymphadenectomy or lymph node dissection is the surgical removal of one or more groups of lymph nodes.〔Wagman LD. ("Principles of Surgical Oncology" ) in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds) (Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach ). 11 ed. 2008.〕 It is almost always performed as part of the surgical management of cancer. In a regional lymph node dissection, some of the lymph nodes in the tumor area are removed; in a radical lymph node dissection, most or all of the lymph nodes in the tumor area are removed.
==Indications==
It is usually done because many types of cancer have a marked tendency to produce lymph node metastasis early in their natural history. This is particularly true of melanoma, head and neck cancer, differentiated thyroid cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Famed British surgeon Berkeley Moynihan once remarked that "the surgery of cancer is not the surgery of organs; it is the surgery of the lymphatic system".
The better-known examples of lymphadenectomy are ''axillary lymph node dissection'' for breast cancer; ''radical neck dissection'' for head and neck cancer and thyroid cancer; ''D2 lymphadenectomy'' for gastric cancer; and ''total mesorectal excision'' for rectal cancer.
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