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maariv
''Maariv'' or ''Ma'ariv'' (, (:maʔăˈʁiv)), also known as ''Arvit'' (, (:aʁˈvit)), is a Jewish prayer service held in the evening or night. It consists primarily of the evening ''Shema'' and ''Amidah''.
The service usually begins with two verses from Psalms, followed by the communal recitation of ''Barechu''. The three paragraphs of the ''Shema'' are then said, both preceded and followed by two blessings, although sometimes a fifth blessing is added at the end. The ''hazzan'' (leader) then recites half-''Kaddish''. The ''Amidah'' is said quietly by everyone, and, unlike at the other services, is not repeated by the ''hazzan''. He recites the full ''Kaddish'', ''Aleinu'' is recited, and the mourners' ''Kaddish'' ends the service. Other prayers occasionally added include the Counting of the Omer (between Passover and Shavuot) and Psalm 27 (between the first of Elul and the end of Sukkot).
''Maariv'' is generally recited after sunset. However, it may be recited as early as one and a quarter seasonal hours before sunset. This is common only on Friday nights, in order to begin Shabbat earlier. At the conclusion of Shabbat and holidays, the service is usually delayed until nightfall. While ''Maariv'' should be prayed before midnight, it may be recited until daybreak or even sunrise.
==Etymology==
The word ''Maariv'' is the first significant word in the opening blessing of the evening service. It is derived from the Hebrew word ''erev'', which translates to evening. ''Maariv'' is a conversion of this word into a verb, which means "bringing on night." ''Arvit'' is the adjective form of this word, roughly translated as "of the evening".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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