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Macaroni is a variety of dry pasta in the shape of narrow tubes〔 originating from Italy〔 and made with durum wheat, usually without egg. It is normally cut in short lengths; if cut in lengths with a curve it is usually called ''elbow macaroni''. Some home machines can make macaroni shapes but, like most pasta, macaroni is usually made commercially by large-scale extrusion. The curved shape is caused by different speeds on opposite sides of the pasta tube as it comes out of the machine. In North America, macaroni most often comes in elbow shape, while in Italy the noun ''maccheroni'' refers to straight tubular square-ended ''pasta corta'' ("short-length pasta"). ==Etymology== The name comes from Italian ''maccheroni'' (:makkeˈroːni), plural form of ''maccherone''.〔Oxford Dictionary, (Macaroni )〕〔''Il Devoto-Oli. Vocabolario della lingua italiana'', edited by Luca Serianni and Maurizio Trifone, Le Monnier.〕 In Italy, the noun has a lot of variants and they sometimes differ from each other because of the texture of each pasta: ''rigatoni'' and ''tortiglioni'', for example, have ridges down their length, while ''chifferi'', ''lumache'', ''lumaconi'', ''pipe'', ''pipette'', etc. refer to elbow-shaped pasta similar to macaroni in the American culture. The academic consensus supports that the word is derived from the Greek μακαρία (''makaria''),〔(μακαρία ), (def. III), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library〕 a kind of barley broth which was served to commemorate the dead.〔(Macaroni ), on Compact Oxford English Dictionary〕〔("Macaroni" ), Online Etymology Dictionary〕〔(Macaroni ), on Webster's New World College Dictionary〕〔Andrew Dalby, ''Food in the Ancient World from A to Z'', Routledge, 2003, on (Google books )〕〔Reader's Digest Oxford Complete Wordfinder〕〔Dhirendra Verma, ''Word Origins'', on (Google books )〕〔Mario Pei, ''The story of language'', p.223〕〔William Grimes, ''Eating Your Words'', Oxford University Press, on (Google books )〕〔Mark Morton, ''Cupboard Love: A Dictionary of Culinary Curiosities'', on (Google books )〕 In turn, that comes from μάκαρες (''makares'') meaning "blessed dead", and ultimately from μακάριος (''makarios''), collateral of μάκαρ (''makar'') which means "blessed, happy".〔(μάκαρ ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 However, the Italian linguist G. Alessio argues that the word can have two origins. First, from the Medieval Greek μακαρώνεια (''makarōneia'') "dirge" (stated in sec. XIII by James of Bulgaria), which would mean "funeral meal" and then "food to serve" during this office (see modern Eastern Thrace's μαχαρωνιά - ''macharōnia'' in the sense of "rice-based dish served at the funeral"). In which case, the term would be composed of the double root of μακάριος "blessed" and αἰωνίος (''aiōnios''), "eternally".〔(αἰωνίος ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 Second, from the Greek μακαρία "barley broth", which would have added the suffix ''-one''.〔G. Alessio, "Atti dell'Accademia Pontaniana", t. 8, 1958-59, pp. 261-280〕 In his book ''Delizia! The Epic History of Italians and their Food'' (2007), John Dickie instead says that the word macaroni, and its earlier variants like ''maccheroni'', "comes from ''maccare'', meaning to pound or crush." The Russian language borrowed the word (as (ロシア語:макароны)) as a generic term for all varieties of pasta; this also holds for several other Slavic languages, as well as for Turkish, where the word for pasta is ''makarna''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「macaroni」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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