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Macrosociology is an approach to sociology which emphasizes the analysis of social systems and populations on a large scale, at the level of social structure, and often at a necessarily high level of theoretical abstraction.〔Craig Calhoun(ed) ''Dictionary of the Social Sciences'' (Article: Macrosociology), Oxford University Press, 2002〕 Microsociology, by contrast, focuses on the individual social agency. Macrosociology also concerns individuals, families, and other constituent aspects of a society, but always does so in relation to larger social system of which they are a part. Macrosociology can also be the analysis of large collectivities (e.g. the city, the church).〔John Scott & Gordon Marshall (eds) ''Dictionary of Sociology'', Oxford University Press, 2000〕 Human populations are considered a society to the degree that is politically autonomous and its members to engage in a broad range of cooperative activities.〔Gerhard Lenski, ''Human societies: An introduction to Macrosociology'', McGraw-Hill, 1982, ISBN 0-07-037176-8〕 For example, this definition would apply to the population of Germany being deemed a society, but German-speaking people as a whole scattered about different countries would not be considered a society.〔 Macrosociology deals with broad societal trends that can later be applied to the smaller features of a society. To differentiate, macrosociology deals with issues such as war, distress of Third World nations, poverty, and environmental deprivation, whereas microsociology analyses issues such as the role of women, the nature of the family, and immigration of people.〔 == Important representatives of macrosociological theorists == *Auguste Comte; who coined the term "sociology" and believed society could be studied like any other science subject. *Émile Durkheim; who viewed individual issues as reflective of greater social patterns, completing the first sociological study (which linked suicide to societal trends) *Herbert Spencer; who coined the term "survival of the fittest" in reference to human social arrangements (Social Darwinism). *Karl Marx; who analyzed society from the perspective of class conflict between workers and owners *Talcott Parsons; whose 'action theory' attempted to unify the influence of macro and micro factors, in relation to a higher epistemological context of systems theory and cybernetics. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「macrosociology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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