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Madrasa ((ペルシア語:مدرسة), '','' pl. , ', (トルコ語:Medrese)) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated ''madrasah'', ''madarasaa'', ''medresa'', ''madrassa'', ''madraza'', ''medrese'', etc. In the West, the word usually refers to a specific type of religious school or college for the study of the Islamic religion, though this may not be the only subject studied. Not all students in madrasas are Muslims; there is also a modern curriculum.〔http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/indiaonline/2013/11/madrassas-india-attract-hindu-students-2013111814457229891.html〕 ==Definition== The word ' derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root د-ر-س ''D-R-S'' 'to learn, study', through the ''wazn'' (form/stem) ; , meaning "a place where something is done". Therefore, ' literally means "a place where learning and studying take place". The word is also present as a loanword with the same innocuous meaning in many Arabic-influenced languages, such as: Urdu, Bengali, Hindi, Persian, Turkish, Azeri, Kurdish, Indonesian, Malay and Bosnian / Croatian.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Madarasaa ) 〕 In the Arabic language, the word ' simply means the same as ''school'' does in the English language, whether that is private, public or parochial school, as well as for any primary or secondary school whether Muslim, non-Muslim, or secular.〔 ' ((アラビア語:مدرسة عامة)) translates as 'public school', ' ((アラビア語:مدرسة خاصة)) translates as 'private school', ' ((アラビア語:مدرسة دينية)) translates as 'religious school', ' ((アラビア語:مدرسة إسلامية)) translates as 'Islamic school', and ' ((アラビア語:مدرسة جامعة)) translates as 'university'.〕 Unlike the use of the word ''school'' in British English, the word ' more closely resembles the term ''school'' in American English, in that it can refer to a university-level or post-graduate school as well as to a primary or secondary school. For example, in the Ottoman Empire during the Early Modern Period, madrasas had lower schools and specialised schools where the students became known as ''danişmends''.〔İnalcık, Halil. 1973. "Learning, the Medrese, and the Ulema." In ''The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300–1600''. New York: Praeger, pp. 165–178. 〕 The usual Arabic word for a university, however, is '' ()''. The Hebrew cognate ''midrasha'' also connotes the meaning of a place of learning; the related term ''midrash'' literally refers to study or learning, but has acquired mystical and religious connotations. However, in English, the term ' usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions. A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ' course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ); and an course leading the candidate to become an accepted scholar in the community. A regular curriculum includes courses in Arabic, tafsir (Qur'anic interpretation), (Islamic law), hadiths (recorded sayings and deeds of Muhammad), mantiq (logic), and Muslim history. In the Ottoman Empire, during the Early Modern Period, the study of hadiths was introduced by Süleyman I.〔 Depending on the educational demands, some madrasas also offer additional advanced courses in Arabic literature, English and other foreign languages, as well as science and world history. Ottoman madrasas along with religious teachings also taught "styles of writing, grammary, syntax, poetry, composition, natural sciences, political sciences, and etiquette."〔 People of all ages attend, and many often move on to becoming imams. The certificate of an ''ʻālim'', for example, requires approximately twelve years of study. A good number of the ''ḥuffāẓ'' (plural of ''ḥāfiẓ'') are the product of the madrasas. The madrasas also resemble colleges, where people take evening classes and reside in dormitories. An important function of the madrasas is to admit orphans and poor children in order to provide them with education and training. Madrasas may enroll female students; however, they study separately from the men. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「madrasa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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